2022年河南省漯河市大學英語6級大學英語六級測試卷(含答案)

2022年河南省漯河市大學英語6級大學英語六級測試卷(含答案)學校:________班級:________姓名:________考號:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20題)1.

Insituationsofarmedconflicts,ethnicorreligiousviolence,civiliansintheAndeanregionwhodon'twanttojointhe"right"sideareforcedtoleavetheir______home.

2.

India'spopulationwillsurgetowardaprojected______in202

3.

InScotland,yourdivorceapplicationcanbeacceptedifyoumakeitin______afteryoufindanyadulteryofyourspousebutstilllivetogetherwithhim.

4.Joost'sinnovativebusinessmodelisfreevideoswith______.

5.

Inthe17th,France'snationallibrarywasfoundedinParis.

A.YB.NC.NG

6.

Oneofthebestwaystoalleviatestressisto______.

A.setdeadlinesforyourself

B.completetasksearly

C.dowhatwedesiretodo

D.putourscheduleinwriting

7.

Calciumpermitscellstodivide,regulatesmusclecontractionandrelaxation,andplaysanimportantroleinthemovementofproteinandnutrientsinsidecellsbesideshelping______.

8.

Theeverydayactivitiesofanofficespaceareusuallynotfixedandactuallyquiteflexible.

A.YB.NC.NG

9.

WhatmostcommonlyoccursinREMsleep?

A.Luciddreams.

B.Nightmares.

C.Daymares.

D.Indistinctdreams.

10.

Theplantswouldbeinsectresistantasagenefromthesoilbacteriumcoulddirectcellstoproduce______thatistoxictocertaininsects.

11.

Inordertopreventyourbooksfrombeingdamagedbyinsects,youshouldmakeyourlibraryavoid______.

12.

Inanonlinedatingsite,users'informationisavailabletoallvisitors,sotheusershaveagreaterchancetomeettheirsoulmates.

A.YB.NC.NG

13.AccordingtoDr.Joseph,journalinghelpsunemployedpeople______.

A.haveanobjectivecommentonthemselves

B.healfromthehurtfeelingscausedbythelayoff

C.haveaninsightonthesituationofthejobmarket

D.becomeignorantofothers'opinionsonthem

14.

Spacepolicyisdominatedbypolities.

A.YB.NC.NG

15.

Globalwarmingiscurrentlyrecognizedasanimportant______.

16.

Theauthormaintainsasthemarketsdistributeothergoodsthroughouttheeconomyandcostsomethingtheycanbeseenas______.

17.

Thedifferencebetweenaroomofone'sownandearlyconditioningtosharedspacehasanimportanteffectontheEnglishman's______.

18.

Bullyinghasexistedatschoolforalongtime.

A.YB.NC.NG

19.

Mengenerallyseetheworldasacompetitiveplacewhileontheotherhandwomenoftenviewthemselvesprimarilyinconnectingwithotherpeople.

A.YB.NC.NG

20.

Followingitsfounder'slead,Hondahasalwaysbeenaleaderintechnology,especiallyintheareaof______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20題)21.(19)

A.Shewashurtbytheman.

B.Shelosthertemper.

C.Shedidn'tspeaktoherhusband.

D.Shemissedthedinnerparty.

22.

【B7】

23.聽力原文：W:Youareontherighttrack.Ijustthinkyoushouldnarrowthetopicdown.

M:Youareright.IalwayschoosethesebroadareaswhenI'mdoingaresearchpaper.

Q:Whatwiltthemanprobablydo?

(18)

A.Chooseanentirelynewareaforhispaper.

B.Narrowdownthetopicoftheresearchpaper.

C.Startdoingtheresearchonthechosentopic.

D.Edittheresearchpaperbeforehandingitin.

24.(31)

A.Saltorshells.

B.Fishorvegetables.

C.Meatorgroin.

D.Potsorbaskets.

25.(36)

A.Bypositionandassociation.

B.Bysinginglikemusic.

C.Byconveyingthemeaninginexpressivewords.

D.Bymasteringtheirmeaning.

26.(43)

27.

【B8】

28.(29)

A.Moneyisproofofone'svalue.

B.Moneyisameansinsteadofanend.

C.Makingmoremoneyismeaningless.

D.Moneycangivegreathappiness.

29.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

聽力原文：Asweflewinfromtheseatowardstheairport,wepassedoverthecityandIcouldeasilymakeoutmanyofthelandmarkssuchasthemainsquareandthenewhospital.Followinginstructions,weputoutourcigarettes,fastenedourseat-beltsandwaitedexpectantlyfortheplanetobeginlanding.Itwasaquartertofourandwehadreachedourdestinationonlyafewminutesbehindtime.Insteadoflanding,however,theplanesuddenlybegantoclimbagainandthenheadedouttosea.Afterthatweflewroundandroundinwidecircles."Alwayssomedelay,"murmuredtheoldmanintheseatnexttome."IhavetodeliveralectureatfiveandatthisrateIshallbelate."Nobodyaroundanswered,andIstoppedtheairhostessasshewaspassing."Nothingtoworryabout,"sheassuredme,"it'sjustthatthere'ssomuchtrafficattheairportthatwecan'tlandyet."Asthecirclingcontinued,thepassengersgrewrestless.Somewhereatthebackachildbegantocry;thewomaninfrontofmebegantocomplain.Afterabouttwentyminutesorso,however,theplaneflewbacktoitsformerpathandbeganitsslowdescenttowardstherunway,touchingdownsmoothlyafewminuteslater.

(27)

A.Becauseenginetroublestarted.

B.Becausetherunwaycouldn'tbeseenclearly.

C.Becausetheairportwasnotreadyfortheplanetoland.

D.Becausesometrafficaccidenthappenedattheairport.

30.(18)

A.Theyareattendingaconcert.

B.Theyarenegotiatingaboutaprice.

C.Theyareplanningtogoforadate.

D.Theyarebuyingsomethingfortheirfirm.

31.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

(12)

A.Thewomanwillbejobless.

B.Tilewomanwilltakeajobinterview.

C.Thewomanwillworkintheforeignlanguagedepartment.

D.Thewomanwillworkinherparents'company.

32.

【B5】

33.(13)

A.Hewondersabouttheusefulnessoftheprotest.

B.Hethinksthepresenttuitionisfair.

C.Hedoesn'tknowhowmanystudentsprotested.

D.Hedoesn'tknowhowmuchtheschoolchargesfortuition.

34.(35)

A.Thecarwillbepushedawaybypolicemen.

B.Thedriver'slicensewillbewithdrawn.

C.Theownerofthecarwillbefined.

D.Thetrafficwardenswilldrivethecaraway.

35.(26)

A.Thewoman's.B.Tom's.C.Theman's.D.Thetripleaders'.

36.(21)

A.Thestreetsign.

B.Tilepedestrian.

C.Thewall.

D.Thepoleintheroad.

37.(28)

A.Therichpeople.

B.Thelocalgovernment.

C.Thebuscompany.

D.Thelocalgovernmentandtheparents.

38.聽力原文：Onewaythatscientistslearnaboutmanisbyanimals,suchasmice,ratsandmonkeys.Thescientistsinthislaboratoryareexperimentingonmice.Theyarestudyingtherelationshipbetweendietandhealth.Atthistimeoveronehundredexperimentsaregoingoninthislaboratory.

Inthisexperiment,thescientistsarestudyingtherelationshipbetweentheamountoffoodthemiceeatandtheirhealth.Themiceareinthreegroups.Allthreegroupsarereceivingthesamehealthydiet.Buttheamountoffoodthateachgroupisreceivingisdifferent.Thefirstgroupiseatingonecupoffoodeachday,thesecondiseatingtwocups,andthethirdgroupofmiceiseatingthreecups.

Afterthreeyears,thehealthiestgroupistheonethatisonlyeatingonecupoffoodeachday.Themiceinthisgrouparethinnerthannormalmice.Buttheyaremoreactive.Alsotheyarelivinglonger.Miceusuallylivetottwoyears.Mostofthemiceinthisgrouparestillaliveafterthreeyears.Thesecondgroupofmiceisnormalweight.Theyarehealthy,too.Theyareactive,butnotasactiveasthethinnermice.Buttheyareonlylivingabouttwoyears.Thelastgroupofmicespendsmostofthedayeatingorsleeping.Theyarenotveryactive.Thesemicearelivinglongerthanthescientiststhought:aboutayearandahalf.Buttheyarenothealthy.Theexperimentisstillgoingon.Thescientistshopetofinishtheirstudiesintwoyears.

(33)

A.MiceB.RatsC.MonkeysD.A，BandC

39.(15)

A.EveryoneenjoyedhimselfatJohn'sparties.

B.Thewomandidn'tenjoyJohn'spartiesatall.

C.ItwillbethefirsttimeforthemantoattendJohn'sparty.

D.ThewomanisgladtobeinvitedtoJohn'shouse-warmingparty.

40.聽力原文：M:Youstillhaveasocialsciencerequirementtofulfill,Jean.Youcantakehistory,psychology,anthropologyorsociology.Whichdoyouthinkyou'dlike?

W:Well,I'vealwaysbeenfascinatedbytheconsciousandunconsciousreasonspeoplehaveforactingastheydo,andI'dliketolearnmoreabouthowmemoryworks.

Q:Whichcoursewillthewomanprobablyenrollin?

(17)

A.History.B.Ecology.C.Psychology.D.Sociology.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20題)41.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Foraboutthreecenturieswehavebeendoingscience,tryingscienceout,usingsciencefortheconstructionofwhatwecallmoderncivilization.Everydispensableitemofcontemporarytechnology,fromcanallockstodialtelophonestopenicillin,waspiecedtogetherfromtheanalysisofdataprovidedbyoneoranotherseriesofscientificexperiments.Threehundredyearsseemsalongtimefortestinganewapproachtohumaninter-living,longenoughtosetbackforcriticalappraisalofthescientificmethod,maybeevenlongenoughtovoteonwhethertogoonwithitornot.Thereisanargument.

Voiceshavebeenraisedinprotestsincethebeginning,risinginpitchandviolenceinthenineteenthcenturyduringtheearlystagesoftheindustrialrevolution,summoningurgentcrowdsintothestreetsontheissueofnuclearenergy."Giveithack,"saysomeofthevoices,"Itdoesn'treallywork,we'vetrieditanditdoesn'twork.Gobackthreehundredyearsandstartagainonsomethingelselesschancyfortheraceofman."

Theprinciplediscoveriesinthiscentury,takingallinall,aretheglimpsesofthedepthofourignoranceofnature.Thingsthatusedtoseemclearandrational,andmattersofabsolutecertainty—Newtonianmechanics,forexample—haveslippedthroughourfingers;andweareleftwithanewsetofgiganticpuzzles,cosmicuncertainties,andambiguities.Someofthelawsofphysicsareamendedeveryfewyears;somearecanceledoutright;someundergorevisedversionsoflegislativeintentasiftheywereactsofCongress.

JustthirtyyearsagowecallitabiologicalrevolutionwhenthefantasticgeometryoftheDNAmoleculewasexposedtopublicviewandthelinearlanguageofgeneticswasdecoded.Forawhile,thingsseamedsimpleandclear:thecellwasaneatlittlemachine,amechanicaldevicereadyfortakingtopiecesandreassembling,likeatinywatch.Butjustinthelastfewyearsithasbecomealmostunbelievablycomplex,filledwithstrangepartswhosefunctionsarebeyondtoday'simagining.

Itisnotjustthatthereismoretodo,thereiseverythingtodo.Whatliesahead,orwhatcanlieaheadiftheeffortsinbasicresearcharecontinued,ismuchmorethantheconquestofhumandiseaseortheimprovementofagriculturaltechnologyorthecultivationofnutrientsinthesea.Aswelearnmoreaboutfundamentalprocessesoflivingthingsingeneralwewilllearnmoreaboutourselves.

WhatCANNOTbeinferredfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Scientificexperimentsinthepastthreehundredyearshaveproducedmanyvaluableitems.

B.Forthreehundredyearstherehavebeenpeopleholdingahostileattitudetowardscience.

C.Moderncivilizationdependsonsciencesomansupportsscientificprogressunanimously.

D.Somepeoplethinkthreehundredyearsisnotlongenoughtosetbackforcriticalappraisalofscientificmethod.

42.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Halloweenusedtobesomethingquitedifferentfromthecelebrationofsugarygreedthatgoesontoday.

Earlierinthiscentury,Halloweenwasanightwhenboysplayedtricksontheirneighbors.Thesetrickswere【C1C】______,butmorecloselyresembledpracticaljokes.Forexample,theboysmightliftanouthouseoffitsfoundationsandmoveittosomeoneelse'syard,ortheymight【C2】______adoorfromitshingeandleaveitontheowner'sroof.Suchtricksrequiredskillandplanning,andthevictimswere【C3】______neighborsorrelatives.Usually,theboysdothistoknockbackwhattheadultsbaddonetothemwhichtheythoughtwrong.Thus,Halloweenbecameanightwhenyoungpeopletooktheir"【C4】______"onadultsinawaythatwas,forthemostpart,permittedbythecommunity.

Butastimepassedby,Halloweenlostmostofitsoriginaltraditions.Today,theonlyremnantisfoundinthe"trickortreat"greetingsof【C5】______candycollectors.Theactionassociatedwiththeholidayhas【C6】______intodestructivebehavior,suchastire-cuttingandwindowbreaking.Thesekindsofactionsrequirenoskillorintelligence.Thesmallofferings--anappleorapieceofcakewhichpeoplegaveinexchangeforprotectionfrompracticaljokes,trickortreatersneversatisfiedthem.Insteadtheydemandhandfulsofcommercialcandybarsfrompeople,manyofthemstrangers,onthecollectingroute.ButthemostalarmingandunpleasantaspectofthenewHalloweenisthatit【C7】______evil-doingandfoodintheworstway.Morecriminaldosome【C8】______things--putpinsintocandybarsandrazorsintoapple-pieswhichcausedpeopleto【C9】______thisholidaytosomeextent.Halloweenturnsintoanoccasionoffearandnervousness.ItseemsthatHalloweenhasbeentransformedintoaneventthatbringsoutinus,notharmlessfun,butacombinationofeatingtoomuch,greed,andoccasional【C10】______.

[A]assembles[F]vicious[K]costumed

[B]combines[G]terror[L]casually

[C]usually[H]trick[M]remove

[D]destructive[I]resent[N]exclude

[E]imaginative[J]revenge[O]degenerated

【C1】

43.

Whenamedicalproblemhappens,Americanswouldrealizeillnesscould______.

44.

【C7】

45.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Acountryissaidtobecomemoreurbanizedasitscitiesgrowinnumber,itsurbanpopulationsincreaseinsize,andtheproportionofitspopulationlivinginurbanareasrises.Thedegreeofurbanizationvariesacrosstheworldbutgenerallyreflectsthewealthofindividualcountries.Therich,industrializedcountriestendtobethemosthighlyurbanized.IntheNetherlands,forexample,89percentofthepopulationisurban,comparedtoonly13percentinEthiopia,amuchpoorercountry.

Inrecenthistory,thedegreeofurbanizationhasbeenrelativelylowinAfricaandAsiacomparedtoEuropeandNorthAmerica.However,asaresultoflarge-scalemigrationfromruralareasandanaturalincreaseintheurbanpopulationsthemselves,thepopulationsofcitiesinthedevelopingworldhavebeengrowingrapidly.ThepopulationofCairo,forexample,hastripledinthelast40years,andmorethanhalfofAfrica'speopleareexpectedtobelivingincitiesby2020.Similarly,theurbanshareofthepopulationinChinahasrisenfromaboutoneinfivein1960tonearlyhalftoday.

Oneofthemostnoticeablefeaturesofurbangrowthinthe20thcenturyhasbeentherapidincreaseinthenumberofverylargecities.Before1800,citieswithmorethanamillioninhabitantswererare.Sincethen,however,thenumberofsuchcitieshasrisensteadily.In1900therewereatleast13citieswithmorethanamillioninhabitants,andby1950thenumberhadgrownto68.By2000therewillbeatleast250citiesofmorethanamillion--manyofwhichwillbeinAsia,especiallyinIndiaandChina.

Evenacityofafewmillionpeopleisdwarfedbytheurbangiantswithpopulationsexceeding10million.Accordingtovariousestimates,theremaybe20ormoreofthesegiganticmetropolitanareasalready.MostareinAsia:Tokyo,Seoul,Osaka,Shanghai,Mumbai(Bombay),Beijing,Calcutta,Jakarta,Tianjin,Karachi,Delhi,andManila.TheothergiantsareNewYork,SaoPaulo,MexicoCity,LosAngeles,Moscow,BuenosAires,RiodeJaneiro,andCairo.Incomingyears,explosivegrowthincitiesofthedevelopingworldsuchasLagosandSantaFedeBogotáwillalmostcertainlypropelthemintothisgroup.Bytheyear2020,severalcitiesareexpectedtohavepopulationsofmorethan20million.

Suchlargeconcentrationsofpeopleposeimmenseenvironmentalproblems.InMexicoCity,forexample,one-quarterofthepopulationhasnoaccesstorunningwater,andoneinfivehousesisnotconnectedtotheseweragesystem.Locatedinavalley,thecitysufferssobadlyfromairpollutionfrommotorvehiclesthatthecitycentermustperiodicallybeclosedtotraffic.MexicoCity'sproblemsarereplicatedinmostotherlargecitiesinthedevelopingworld,andtoalesserdegreeinthelargecitiesofindustrializedcountriesaswell.

Acountry'surbanizationcanbeseenfromitsincreasein______.

A.wealthB.populationC.thenumberofcitiesD.urbanareas

46.

Basedontheideaspresentedinthepassagewecanconclude"beingfat"______inAmericansociety.

A.willalwaysremainataboo

B.isnotconsideredasataboobymostpeople

C.haslungbeenataboo

D.maynolongerbeataboosomeday

47.

Whatarethepossiblewaysofconductingeuthanasiawhenthepatient'sdeathrequirementismet?

48.

Whatcanwelearnabouttheassetmarketsfromthepassage?

A.ItisquestionablewhetherAmericaneconomycanproduceenoughassets.

B.Ifpensionsareownedbyprivatesector,baby-boomersdon'tneedtoworry.

C.Thepyramid-schemepatternofassetmarketsisundeniabllyfixed.

D.Saverscanalwayssellassetsathigherprices.

49.

Whenmayspontaneouspanichappen?

50.(58)

51.

Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorpresupposesthatthereaderwillregardacourseinliteratureasacourse______.

52.

Duringthefirstperiodofdemographichistory,societiesWereoftenindangerofextinctionbecause______.

A.onlyoneintenpersonscouldlivepast40

B.therewashighermortalitythanfertilityinmostplaces

C.itwastoodangeroustohavebabiesduetothepoorconditions

D.ourancestorshadlittleenthusiasmformorechildren

53.

Theword"identify"inthefourthparagraphisthesameas______.

A.noticeB.distinguishC.describeD.recognize

54.Thatbadrelationshipmaycauseworsesleep,whichmayworsentherelationship,suggeststhatsleepandrelationshipare______.

55.

【C8】

56.Manhattantrigonometry(三解法)teacherTerryWebbertakeshisstudentstotheEastRivereveryyearandhasthemmeasurethedistanceacrosswithjustarulerandaprotractor(量角器).

ThestudentsthenridetheStatenIslandferryand,knowingonlytheheightoftheStatueofLiberty;calculatethedistancebetweenStatenIslandandManhattan.

That'sthekindofout-of-the-boxapproachthatWebberandothercriticsfearwillgooutthewindowwiththesweepingschoolreformsannouncedthisweekbyMayorBloombergandSchoolsChancellorJoelKlein.

"Wewon'thavetime,"Webbersaid.,"Wewillhavetoteachthemtomemorizecertainbitsofinformation,thensay,'Bubble(泡沫，幻想的計劃)inthistest.'"

Thereforms--includingamorerigoroustenure(任期)reviewfornewteachersandasysteminwhichtheschoolbureaucracy(官僚機構)isslashed(削減)andprincipalsarefreedfromadministrativesupervision--arelargelymadepossiblebyan"accountability"systemthatwillmeasureeverythingthatgoesoninschools,reducingthedatatoeasy-to-understandlettergrades:A,B,C,DorF.

PrincipalswhoseschoolsgetFscouldfacefiring.Newteacherswhosestudentsaren'tscoringwellcouldbedeniedtenure.

Andadministratorswillbeabletosurveylargeswathsofthecity's1,400schoolswithgreaterefficiency.

Thelettergradeswillfactorattendanceratesandtheresultsofparentandteachersurveys,butwillprimarilyhingeontestscores.

Studentsalsowillbetestedthroughouttheschoolyearsotheirprogresscanbemeasuredandpostedonlineforparents.

"Thisonlinesystemwilltrackprogressinrealtimeandtaketheguessworkoutofwhatgoodteachinglookslike--thusenablingteacherstotailorinstructiontotheparticularneedsofeachstudent,"Kleinsaidyesterday.

ButteacherslikeWebbersaynotallofthethingskidsneedtolearncanbereducedtodata.

"Somekidsarebetteratmakingpresentations.Somekidsarebetteratanalyzingthings."

Advocateswhoopposetestingarefuriousaboutthereforms.

"Thisistotallydeprofessionalizing(非專業(yè)化的，非職業(yè)化的)teachers,"saidJaneHirschmann,ofTimeOutFromTesting."Theywillbedoingdataentry.Testsweresupposedtobeameasureofreform.Instead,testshavebecomethereform.andtheyhavebecomethecurriculum."

______makesthestudentsmeasurethedistanceacrosstheEastRiverwithjustarulerandaprotractor.

A.O.HenryB.ThomasC.TerryWebberD.Manhattan

57.Somepeopleareaccustomedtothinkingthatfactsmusteitherbebelievedortheymustbedisbelieved—asifbeliefswerelikealightswitchwithonlytwopositions,onoroff.Myuseofthebathtubhoaxisintendedtoillustratethatbeliefdoesnothavetooperateasasimpleyesornochoice,allornothing.Beliefcanbemoreconditional;itcanbesomethingthatwedecidetohave"uptoapoint"or"toadegree".Andso,thequestionwemightaskourselveswhilereadingdoesnothavetobe"ShouldIbelieve'itornot?"butinsteadcanbe"HowmuchshouldIbelieveit?"Thislaterquestionimpliesthatthebeliefwehaveinanygivenfact,orinanygivenidea,isnotdeterminedbywhetheritsoundsrightorwhetherthesourceisanauthority.Itmeansthatourbeliefsaredeterminedbythereasonsthatjustifythem.

Beliefisnotamechanicalaction,broughtaboutbyinvariablerulesofnature.Itisahumanactivity,theexerciseofjudgment.Withthisinmind,wemightsaythatweperform.thisactionbetterwhenweknowwhatthereasonsarethathaveledtoourbelief,andwhytheyaregoodreasons.Theseobservationsdonotdepriveusofourabilitytobelieveinwhatweread.Theyarenotintendedtotransform.youfromcredulousbelieversintostubborndoubters.

Theprocessofweighingbeliefsagainstthequalityofreasonsisonethatyoualreadygothroughallthetime,whetheryouareawareofitornot.Wealldo.Thepracticeofcriticalreadingistheexerciseofthiskindofjudgmentonpurpose.Bydoingit,weprotectourselvesfrombeingledintobeliefforinadequatereasons,butatthesametimeweopenupourmindstothepossibilityofarrivingatbeliefforadequateones.Ifwedecidetograntorwithholdconsentbasedonthequalityofthereasonsthatwearegiven,weadmitatthesametimethattwothingsarepossible:Weadmitthatwemightconsentlessinthefutureifwediscoverthatthereasonsarenotsogoodafterall;andweadmitthatwemightconsentmoreifweareeverpresentedwithbetterreasonsthanwehadformerlyknown.Thisattitudeisnotpureskepticismanymorethanitispurecredulity.Itissomewhereinbetween.Itistheattitudeofanopen-mindedthinker,ofsomeonewhowishestoberesponsiblefordecidingforherselforhimselfwhattobelieve.

Theauthor'suseofthebathtubhoaxismeanttosuggestthat______.

A.beliefisnothingbutalightswitch

B.factsmustbebelievedunconditionally

C.nothingshouldbebelievedordisbelieved

D.beliefismorethanasimpleyesornochoice

58.

Thepassageconcludesthat______.

A.dogsaremoredomesticatedthancats

B.dogsaremorelovablethancats

C.thoughdifferent,dogsandcatshavetheirowncharms

D.bothdogsandcatscanbekeptaspetsinonehouse

59.Privatecompanieshavebeengrantedalargesumofmoneytolaunchcampaignsasameasureto______.

60.Scholarsandstudentshavealwaysbeengreattravelers.Theofficialcasefor"academicmobility"isnowoftenstatedinimpressivetermsasafundamentalnecessityforeconomicandsocialprogressintheworld,anddebatedinthecorridorsofEurope;butitiscertainlynothingnew.Seriousstudentswerealwaysreadytogoabroadinsearchofthemoststimulatingteachersandthemostfamousacademies;insearchofthepurestphilosophy,themosteffectivemedicine,thelikeliestroadtogold.

Mobilityofthiskindmeantalsomobilityofideas,theirtransferenceacrossfrontiers,andtheirsimultaneousimpactuponmanygroupsofpeople.Thepointoflearningistoshareit,whetherwithstudentsorwithcolleagues.Onepresumesthatonlyeccentricshavenointerestinbeingcreditedwithastartlingdiscovery,oranewtechnique.Itmustalsohavebeanreassuringtoknowthatotherpeopleinotherpartsoftheworldwereabouttomakethesamediscoveryorwerethinkingalongthesamelines,andthatonewasnotquitealone,confrontedbyinquisition,ridiculeorneglect.

Inthetwentiethcentury,andparticularlyinthelast20years,theoldfootpathsofthewanderingscholarshavebecomevasthighways.Thevehiclewhichhasmadethispossiblehasofcoursebeentheaeroplane,makingcontactbetweenscholarseveninthemostdistantplacesimmediatelyfeasible,andprovidingfortheveryrapidtransmissionofknowledge.

Apartfromthevehicleitself,itisfairlyeasytoidentifythemainfactorswhichhavebroughtabouttherecentexplosioninacademicmovement.Someofthesearepurelyquantitativeandrequirenofurthermention:therearefarmorecentersoflearning,andafargreaternumberofscholarsandstudents.

Inadditiononemustrecognizetheveryconsiderablemultiplicationofdisciplines,particularlyinthesciences,whichbywideningthetotalareaofadvancedstudieshasproducedanenormousnumberofspecialistswhoseparticularinterestsarepreciselydefined.Thesepeoplew