2020-2021學(xué)年譯林版英語選修7教師用書：Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Grammar含解析

學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精2020-2021學(xué)年譯林版英語選修7教師用書：Unit4SectionⅢGrammar含解析短語動(dòng)詞語境自主領(lǐng)悟先觀察原句后自主感悟①Thistrafficproblemledtothedevelopmentoftheundergroundsystem。②In1884，theMetropolitanRailwayCompanyandtheMetropolitanDistrictRailwaylinkedup.。.③WhenLondonwasbombed，manyundergroundstationsfunctionedasbombshelters。④Butyouwillhavetofillinaformandthenwewilldecideonthebestway。⑤Wecouldsplitupintogroups,andcomeatdifferenttimes.⑥Icancallyoubacklater.1.所有例句中黑體部分在句中作謂語；它們不是一個(gè)詞單獨(dú)作謂語而是由動(dòng)詞加一個(gè)介詞或副詞一起作謂語。2。例句①、例句③和例句④中黑體部分的構(gòu)成特點(diǎn)是它們都是由動(dòng)詞加介詞構(gòu)成的，相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，可以直接帶賓語。3.例句②中黑體部分的構(gòu)成特點(diǎn)是由動(dòng)詞加副詞構(gòu)成的，其后不接賓語;若接賓語，需要加介詞，如例句⑤。4.例句⑥中黑體部分的構(gòu)成特點(diǎn)是由動(dòng)詞加副詞構(gòu)成的，其后可以加賓語。賓語為代詞時(shí)，必須放在動(dòng)詞與副詞之間。動(dòng)詞常與其他詞類（多是介詞和副詞）搭配在一起，構(gòu)成固定詞組，稱之為短語動(dòng)詞。一、短語動(dòng)詞常見的構(gòu)成方式及特點(diǎn)1．動(dòng)詞＋副詞該類短語動(dòng)詞分及物的和不及物的兩類。Pleaseturnoffeverylightinthehouse。請(qǐng)把房子里的每一盞燈都關(guān)掉。(及物)Harryturnedupafterthepartywheneveryonehadleft。晚會(huì)后，人們都已離去，哈里出現(xiàn)了。(不及物）2．動(dòng)詞＋介詞(及物）Takingenoughexercisecontributestogoodhealth。進(jìn)行足夠的鍛煉有助于身體健康。［名師點(diǎn)津]同一動(dòng)詞和不同介詞搭配時(shí)，意義上有很大差異.lookafter照料；lookat看；lookfor尋找；lookinto調(diào)查。3．動(dòng)詞＋副詞＋介詞Ilookforwardtoseeingyousoon。我期望不久就能見到你.［名師點(diǎn)津]（1）及物動(dòng)詞短語后的賓語為名詞時(shí)，副詞放在賓語前后皆可。但如果賓語較長,就應(yīng)避免把副詞同動(dòng)詞分開。(2)如果賓語是人稱代詞，只能放在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間.Hegavethesecretaway。＝Hegaveawaythesecret.他泄露了秘密.Thebasketisverylight.Icaneasilypickitup.籃子很輕，我可以容易地提起來。［即時(shí)訓(xùn)練1］用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空①Innowaycanwegiveuphalfway。②Howdiditcomeaboutthatheshouldbelateforsuchanimportantmeeting？③Hehasalreadysetuphisownbusinessanditgetsalongverywell.④Sorry,IhavetolookaftermysickmothersoI’mafraidIcan’tgotherewithyou。二、常見重點(diǎn)短語動(dòng)詞1．以break為中心的短語動(dòng)詞breakawayfrom脫離，逃離，甩掉breakdown破壞，粉碎,瓦解;出故障,拋錨breakinto闖入；強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入breakout爆發(fā),發(fā)生breakthrough突破breakup解散；結(jié)束2．以bring為中心的短語動(dòng)詞bringabout導(dǎo)致,引起，促使bringback帶回；使回憶；使恢復(fù)bringdown使下降,降低；打倒bringout使顯出；使顯現(xiàn)；出版；生產(chǎn)bringup撫養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)育，培養(yǎng)bringin賺得，掙；引入；收獲(農(nóng)作物等）3．以call為中心的短語動(dòng)詞callfor需要，要求callin召集calloff取消，停止進(jìn)行callon拜訪（某人）,號(hào)召callout大聲喊，喚起callup打電話給……；使想起4．以come為中心的短語動(dòng)詞comeabout發(fā)生comeacross偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)，遇到comedown倒下;降落；跌落；病倒cometo蘇醒；復(fù)原;共計(jì)；達(dá)到comeup走近；上樓；流行起來；發(fā)芽；上來；（問題)被提出comeupwith提出；想出comeout出版；產(chǎn)生5．以get為中心的短語動(dòng)詞getacross度過，通過，橫過；說服；使被理解getalong(with)（與……)相處；進(jìn)展getaround走動(dòng)；傳播；影響；說服getdownto認(rèn)真對(duì)待，靜下心來getoff送走;脫下（衣服）；下車；動(dòng)身getover恢復(fù)，痊愈；克服;完成getridof除去，去掉；免除；擺脫getholdof抓??；把握;得到；聯(lián)系getthrough撥通；到達(dá)；完成;通過6．以give為中心的短語動(dòng)詞giveaway贈(zèng)送；放棄；泄露；頒發(fā)giveback歸還；反射givein屈服，讓步，投降giveoff發(fā)出(煙，氣味等）giveout分發(fā)，公布，發(fā)出；(使）筋疲力盡;用完giveup放棄;停止givewayto讓步，退卻;屈服于7．以go為中心的短語動(dòng)詞goabout走來走去；(謠言等）流傳goagainst反對(duì)；不利于goahead前進(jìn)，進(jìn)展，繼續(xù)goby經(jīng)過，過去goinfor喜歡；參加；贊成；從事goover溫習(xí)，檢查gothrough審查；履行；通過；經(jīng)歷；忍受goup上升，上漲gowithout無須，沒有……也行8．以look為中心的短語動(dòng)詞lookabout四下環(huán)顧；查看lookaround東張西望,環(huán)視lookbackon/upon...回顧……lookdownon/upon俯視；輕視lookforwardto盼望；期待lookinto窺視；調(diào)查;瀏覽lookon/upon旁觀；對(duì)待lookon/upon...as.。。把……看作……lookout向外看；注意；當(dāng)心，提防lookover從上面看過去;檢查,忽略lookthrough透過……看去；看穿；瀏覽,徹底調(diào)查lookup查閱；抬頭看；好轉(zhuǎn)lookupto仰望;尊敬［即時(shí)訓(xùn)練2]選詞填空①Thesoundofthehappylaughtercalled_up(callfor/callup）memoriesofhischildhood.②Go_over（goabout/goover）yourlessonsagainbeforetheexam.③Agoodspeakerissupposedtomanagetoget_across_to（getacrossto/getdownto）thelistenerswhathemeans.④Today'schildrenareraisedinawaythatistotallydifferentfromhowtheirparentswere_brought_up（bringon/bringup）.Ⅰ。用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空1．Makesurehowmanypeoplearegoingtobringinthewheattomorrow.2．Shewastoofattogetthroughthedoor.3．Theoldladygaveawaymostofhersavingstohelpthosepoorchildrenwhocouldn’tgotoschool。4．It'dbemuchbettertoputoffthemeetingtillnextweek.5．Thegovernmentcallsoneveryonetoprotectourenvironment。6．Thoughbroughtupinthecountryside，headaptedtothecitylifequickly。7．Wehavedecidedonthedateandtheplacefortravelling.8．Kidsareusuallyeasilytakenin，soweshouldtakegoodcareofthem。Ⅱ.完成句子1．Ican'tbuyanything,becausemymoneyhas_run_out_already。什么也不能買了,因?yàn)槲业腻X已經(jīng)用完了。2．Ifyouteam_up_with_your_classmates，youwillsurelygetthesameworkdonefarbetter。如果你跟同學(xué)合作的話,相同的工作你會(huì)做得好得多。3．Sometimesdriversgivehimatip，sothathehasjustenoughmoneyto_live_on.有時(shí)司機(jī)們會(huì)給他小費(fèi),所以他剛好有足夠的錢來維持生存。4．Theoldworkerput_forward_a_very_practical_planatthemeetingyesterday，butitwasturneddownbythemanager.那位老工人昨天在會(huì)上提出了一個(gè)非常實(shí)用的計(jì)劃,但被經(jīng)理拒絕了。5．Generallyspeaking，studentslook_up_to_the_teacherswhoareknowledgeableandpatient。一般來說，學(xué)生尊敬博學(xué)、耐心的老師。6．Itisreportedthatthepolicewillsoonlook_into_the_caseoftwomissingchildren.據(jù)報(bào)道，警察很快就會(huì)調(diào)查兩個(gè)失蹤孩子的案件。7．Societytodayofferstheyounggenerationmorechancesto_show_offtheirtalentandskills。當(dāng)今社會(huì)給年輕一代提供了更多的機(jī)會(huì)來展示他們的才能和技能。8．Theelectionwent_against_himatfirst，buthewonatlast。選舉開