高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)外刊閱讀天天練：閱讀理解模擬訓(xùn)練十四

高考英語(yǔ)外刊閱讀天天練：閱讀理解模擬訓(xùn)練十四①Recently,myfamilywelcomedanewarrival.Wehadwatcheditgrow,frettedoveritsdevelopment.Andthensuddenly,thereitwas,sittinginthekitchen:abrightorangepumpkin.WhileIwasthrilledtoseeit,Ifrettedappropriatelyoverthewaythepumpkinplantclearlyshutdownallotherproductiontobringforththisonebeauty.Growingfoodathomeismarvellous.Itturnsanyoutdoorspaceintosomethingfunctionalratherthanjustornamental.Andthesecondthought?It’saterriblewaytoproducefruitandveg.Theeffortthatwentintoproducingthatpumpkinwashilariouslyhuge.DoesthismeanIthinkpeopleshouldn’tgrowtheirown?No,quitethereverse.Weneedtokeepremindingourselvesjusthowdifficultitistokeepamasspopulationfed,andwhatabrilliantjoblarge-scaleagriculturedoes.Andthebestwaytodothatisbytryingtomimicitathome.Therewillbesomepeoplewithburgeoningallotmentsandhomevegpatcheswhowillbechunteringatthis.Indeed,itmustbelovelytositdownregularlytoamealnurturedandharvestedbyyourownhand.Theproblemisthatenvironmentallyitdoesn’tquitestackup.Adecadeago,whileworkingonabookaboutfoodandsustainability,Iwasintroducedtotheconceptofwholelifecycleanalysis(LCA).UsinganLCAmeansthatwhenyoutalkaboutthefootprintoffoodproductionyoucan’tjustconsiderthefertilisersorthefuelusedtotransportthefoodproduced.Youmustincludethecarboninanytoolsandmachinery,inthefencingandtheirrigationandinthelifestylesofthepeopleinvolved.Didyoudrivetotheallotment?Oh.Thenyoudividethatbyyield.Asaresult,whenitcomestogrowingstuffeventhemostproductivehomeeffortwillnevercompetewithalarge-scalearableorvegetableFarm’sproduction.Buttherealityisthatfeedingapopulationofmorethan60millionisalwaysgoingtobedependentonmassagriculturewhichhasabetterchanceofbeingcarbonefficient.Andcuriouslyaverygoodwayofdoingthisistoremindourselvesjusthowharditisbyattemptingtoproducesignificantamountsourselves.We’recertainlygoingtohaveanothercrackatitnextyear.Itwillbebrilliant.Itwillalsobepathetic.Bytheway,weturnedourpumpkinintosoup.Itwasverynice.【TheGuardian(October13,2023)】Whywastheauthorworriedaboutthedevelopmentofthepumpkin?Itistime-consumingtogrowapumpkinOtherplantstheauthorgrewproducedlittleTheorangepumpkinwasfarfromtastyTheauthorhadputenormouseffortstogrowthepumpkinTheunderlinedword“mimic”canbestbereplacedby_______PerformExplainAvoidImitateAccordingtotheauthor,whycan’thomeproductioncompetewithamassagriculture?HomeproductionislowerinnutrientandharvestlessHomeproductioniscarbonefficientbytheconceptofLCATherewillbelessfootprintoffoodproductioninmassagricultureHomeproductionneedsmoreattentionandeffortsHowdidtheauthorthinkofharvestingsignificantamountofhome?PatheticMarvellousUnrealisticIncredible②Almosthalfabillionsmall,cheapelectricaleverydayitemsfromheadphonestohandheldfansendedupinlandfillintheUKinthepastyear,accordingtoresearch.Thenot-for-profitorganisationMaterialFocus,whichconductedtheresearch,saidthescaleoftheissuewashugeandtheywantedtoencouragemorerecycling.MorethanhalfabillioncheaplypricedelectronicgoodswereboughtintheUKinthepastyearalone–16persecond.MaterialFocusfindingsshowedthatoftheseitems,471mwerethrownaway.Thisincluded260mdisposablevapes,26mcables,29mLED,solaranddecorativelights,9.8mUSBsticks,and4.8mminiaturefans.ScottButler,executivedirectoratMaterialFocus,describeditas“fasttech”.Hesaid:“Peopleshouldthinkcarefullyaboutbuyingsomeofthemorefrivolousitemsinthefirstplace.”Hesaidtheitemspeopleboughtwereoften“cheapandsmall”,andthatconsumersmaynotrealisetheycontainvaluablematerialsthatcouldbesalvagedifrecycled.Smallelectricalscancontainpreciousmaterialsincludingcopper,lithiumandstainlesssteel.Thesecomponentscanberecycledandusedinwindturbines,medicaldevicesandelectricvehicles.MaterialFocussaidthatwhilepeoplewereusedtotheideaofrecyclinglargerelectricalitemssuchasfridges,lotsofsmallerdeviceswereleftunusedinhouses.Butlersaid:“Wewanttogetthemessageacrossthatanythingwithaplug,batteryorcablecanberecycledandthere’ssomewherenearyoutodoit.Thescaleoftheissueishuge,butthere’saneasysolution–justasthetrendforrecyclingandrepurposingfashionhasgrownandgrown,wewanttoencouragethenationtorecyclefasttech,guilt-freeandfuss-free.”MaterialFocussaidthatwhenconsumersboughtacheapitem,theysawitasdisposable.TheyestimatethatUKcitizensspentmorethan￡2.8bnonthesecheapproductsinthepastyear.Thenon-profitgroupdescribeditas“thetipoftheiceberg”whenitcomestothegrowingissueofwastedelectricalsintheUK.Morethan100,000tonnesofwasteelectricalsarethrownawayeveryyear,andthereare880melectricalitemsofallkindslyingunusedinUKhomes.【TheGuardian(October13,2023)】Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?TheresearchwascarriedoutbytheauthoritiestoencouragerecyclingCheaplypricedelectronicgoodsareeasytobethrownawayaroundtheworldDisposablevapesmadeupthemajorityofcheapelectricalgoodsendedupinlandfillBritishpeopleareinclinedtobuycheapelectricalgoodsWhatcanweinferfromButler’swordsinparagraph4?Cheapitemsdon’tdeserveconsumer’scarefuluseValuablematerialscanbefoundinthesecheapandsmallelectricalgoodsLow-qualityelectricalgoodsareeasytoberecycledConsumersshouldstopbuyingthese“fasttech”inthefirstplaceWhatdidButlerappealtopeopletodo?They’dbetterrecyclesmalldevicesaswellaslargeronesThey’dbettersetupsomewherenearthemtodotherecyclingThey’dbettercatchthetrendofdisposingsmallandcheapitemsThey’dbetterspreadtheideaof“fasttech”What’sthemainideaofthepassage?TonsofsmallandcheapelectricalitemsarethrownawayLegaleffortsshouldbemadetobansmallelectricalitems“fasttech”---thefuturegenerationRecyclingvaluablematerialsfromelectronicsisurgent③Researchershaveclaimedamajorstepforwardinthefieldoforgantransplantationafteramonkeysurvivedformorethantwoyearswithageneticallyengineeredpigkidney.Scientistshavespentdecadesworkingoutwhetheranimalorganscouldeverworkproperlyandsafelyinhumanswithoutthembeingrejectedbythepatient’simmunesystem,butthechallengeshaveprovedimmense.Forthelatesttrial,researchersusedagene-editingtoolcalledCrisprtoaltergenesinYucatanminiaturepigsbeforetransplantingtheirkidneysintomacaques.Themodificationsalteredgenestopreventorganrejectionandremovepigvirusesthatcouldpotentiallybeactivatedinrecipients.WritinginthejournalNature,thescientistsdescribehow21monkeysfaredaftertheirkidneyswereremovedandasinglegeneticallymodifiedpigkidneywasimplanted.Monkeystypicallysurvivedonly24dayswhenthekidneyswereeditedtodisablethreegenesthattriggerimmunerejection.Butwhenthescientistsaddedsevenhumangenesthatreducebloodclotting,inflammationandotherimmunereactions,themonkeyssurvivedseventimeslonger,typicallyfor176days.Whencombinedwithtreatmenttosuppresstheimmunesystem,theresearchersreportthatonemonkeysurvivedformorethantwoyears–758days–withthetransplantedorgan.Curtis,thechiefexecutiveofeGenesis,saidthelong-termsurvivalofatleastsomeofthemonkeyshadputeGenesisoncoursetosatisfytheUSFoodandDrugAdministrationrequirementtoseeatleast12months’survivalinanimalsbeforetheteamcanlaunchaclinicaltrialinhumans.“Wearewellonourwaythere,”Curtissaid.“Theresimplyaren’tenoughkidneystogoaround.Inouropinionit’stheonlynear-termviablesolution.”TheteamusesYucatanminiaturepigsasdonorsbecauseatmaturitytheirkidneysareroughlythesamesizeofthoseintheadulthuman.Inthemonkeytrial,thekidneysweretransplantedattwotothreemonthswhentheorgansweremuchsmaller.ProfTatsuoKawai,anauthoronthestudyatHarvardMedicalSchool,saidthescientistsexpectedthemodifiedpigorganstoperformbetterinhumansthanmonkeysbecause“they