包裝技術(shù)交流講義.ppt

TRANSPORTPACKAGETESTINGANDTECHNICALCOMMUNION運輸包裝測試及技術(shù)交流耿濤（GENEGENG）通標標準技術(shù)服務(wù)有限公司上海分公司EMAILGENEGENGSGSCOMTEL021610729722運輸包裝的定義N為了盡可能降低運輸流通過程對產(chǎn)品造成損壞，保障產(chǎn)品的安全，方便儲運裝卸，加速交接點驗，人們將包裝中以運輸儲運為主要目的的包裝稱之為運輸包裝。3運輸包裝的基本要求運輸包裝應(yīng)具有以下基本要求N具有足夠的強度、剛度與穩(wěn)定性；N具有防水、防潮、防蟲、防腐、防盜等防護能力；N包裝材料選用符合經(jīng)濟、安全的要求；N包裝重量、尺寸、標志、形式等應(yīng)符合國際與國家標準，便干搬運與裝卸N能減輕工人勞動強度、使操作安全便利。N符合環(huán)保要求。N運輸包裝器具設(shè)計應(yīng)遵循的基本原則標準化、系列化原則；集裝化、大型化原則；多元化、專業(yè)化原則；科學化原則；生態(tài)化原則等。4運輸包裝的形式N內(nèi)包裝N襯板N泡沫塑料及其替代品N氣墊薄膜N現(xiàn)場發(fā)泡N填料5運輸包裝的標志的作用N運輸包裝的標志，其主要作用是在儲運過程中識別貨物，合理操作、按其用途可分成運輸標志（SHIPPINGMARK）、指示性標志（INDICATIVEMARK）、警告性標志（WARNINGMARK）、重量體積標志和產(chǎn)地標志。運輸標志、又稱嘜頭，是一種識別標志。6運輸包裝標志的內(nèi)容N按ISO的建議，運輸標志包括四項內(nèi)容L收貨人名稱的英文縮寫或簡稱；2參考號，如訂單、發(fā)票或運單號碼；3目的地；4件號；例如1ABCD收貨人名稱2SC9750合同號碼；3LONDON目的港；4NO420件號（順序號和總件數(shù)）7運輸包裝標志的內(nèi)容N運輸標志在國際貿(mào)易中還有其特殊的作用。按公約規(guī)定，在商品特定化以前，風險不轉(zhuǎn)移到買方承擔。而商品特定化最常見的有效方式，是在商品外包裝上，標明運輸標志。此外，國際貿(mào)易主要采用的是憑單付款的方式，而主要的出口單據(jù)如發(fā)票、提單、保險單上，都必須顯示出運輸標志。商品以集裝箱方式運輸時，運輸標志可被集裝箱號碼和封口號碼取代N指示性標志。是一種操作注意標志，以圖形和文字表達。如小心輕放、由此起吊、禁止翻滾等。N警告性標志。又稱危險品標志，用以說明商品系易燃、易爆、有毒、腐蝕性或放射性等危險性貨物。以圖形及文字表達。對危險性貨物的包裝儲運，各國政府制訂有專門的法規(guī)，應(yīng)嚴格遵照執(zhí)行。N重量體積標志。運輸包裝外通常都標明包裝的體積和毛重，以方便儲運過程中安排裝卸作業(yè)和艙位。N產(chǎn)地標志、商品產(chǎn)地是海關(guān)統(tǒng)計和征稅的重要依據(jù)，由產(chǎn)地證說明。但一般在內(nèi)外包裝上均注明產(chǎn)地，作為商品說明的一個重要內(nèi)容。8運輸包裝的方式運輸包裝的方式和造型多種多樣，用料和質(zhì)地各不相同，包裝程度也有差異，這就導致運輸包裝具有下列多樣性N按包裝方式，可分為單件運輸包裝和集合運輸包裝前者，是指貨物在運輸過程中作為一個計件單位的包裝；后者，是指將若干單件運輸包裝組合成一件大包裝，以利更有效地保護商品，提高裝卸效率和節(jié)省運輸費有，在國際貿(mào)易中，常見的集合運輸包裝有集裝包和集裝袋N按包裝型不同，可分為箱袋，桶和捆不同形狀的包裝N按包裝材料不同，可分為紙制包裝，金屬包裝，木制包裝，塑料包裝，麻制品包裝，竹，柳，草制品包裝，玻璃制品包裝和陶瓷包裝等N按包裝質(zhì)地來分有軟性包墳，半硬性包裝和硬性包裝，究竟采用其中哪一種，須視商品的特性而定N按包裝程度不同，可分為全部包裝和局部包裝N在國際貿(mào)易中，買賣雙方究竟采用何種運輸包裝，應(yīng)在合同中具體訂明。9運輸包裝的作用和目的N保護克服物流過程中的各種危險因素N容裝防止物品從容器中脫出，集合產(chǎn)品N搬運適應(yīng)搬運和存儲系統(tǒng)，充分利用空間N交接系列22A,2B,2C,2D,2E系列33A,3E,3F,3H運輸中的振動振動固定的擺放位置圓周式振動垂直式振動隨機垂直式振動水平式振動多軸式振動系列11A,1B,1C,1D,1E,1G,1H系列22A,2B,2C,2D,2E系列33A,3E,3F,3H62分發(fā)時遇到的危險類型主要測試分類測試項目對應(yīng)的ISTA測試標準倉庫堆壓壓箱靜壓（砝碼，載荷板）機械達到壓力值后松開達到壓力值后保持系列11C,1D系列22A,2B系列33E,3F,3H氣候條件環(huán)境處理溫度濕度大氣壓系列1無系列22A,2B,2C系列33A,3E,3F,3H測試項目總結(jié)63SGS獲取ISTA認可的測試項目NISTA1系列1A,1B,1C,1D,1E,1G,1HNISTA2系列2A,2B,2C,2D,2ENISTA3系列3A,3E,3F64LABCAPACITYTRANSPORTATIONTESTINGFORPACKAGEDPRODUCTNOTESTPROPERTYSTANDARDAPPLIED1ISTAPACKAGEDTRANSPORTATIONTESTISTAPROCEDURE1A,1B,1C,1D,1E,1G,1H,2A,2B,2C,2D,2E,2F,3A,3E,3F2FIXEDDISPLACEMENTVIBRATIONTESTASTMD9993RANDOMVIBRATIONTESTASTMD4728,ASTMD41694DROPTESTASTMD52765INCLINEIMPACTTESTASTMD8806COMPRESSIONTESTFORSHIPPINGCARTONASTMD6427ATMOSPHERICCONDITIONINGTESTASTMD433265LABCAPACITYNOTESTITEMSNOTESTITEMS1EDGECOMPRESSIVESTRENGTHTEST8BECKSMOOTHNESSTEST2BURSTINGSTRENGTHTEST9INKABRASIONRESISTANCETEST3PUNCTURERESISTANCETEST10BENDINGSTIFFNESSTEST4TEARINGRESISTANCETEST11COMPRESSIVESTRENGTHOFRINGCRUSH5THICKNESSTEST12PLYADHESIVESTRENGTHTEST6WATERABSORPTIVENESSTEST13FLATCRUSHSTRENGTHTEST7FOLDINGENDURANCETEST14GRAMMAGE2TESTINGFORPACKAGEMATERIAL66LABEQUIPMENT1RANDOMVIBRATIONTESTERPERFORMANCEFREQUENCYRANGE1300HZMAXACTUATOR5000KGMAXPAYLOADS1500KGMAXIMUMSTROKE100MMPEAKTOPEAKSTANDARDTABLESIZE1520X1520MMTHEMAXSIZECANBE2400X2400MMCOUNTRYOFORIGINUSA（LAB）CHARACTERISTIC1HEAVIERPAYLOADS2LARGERDISPLACEMENTORVELOCITY3BROADERFREQUENCYRANGE4HYDRAULICDRIVESYSTEMRANDOMVIBRATIONTESTER67LABEQUIPMENT2VERTICALLINERMOTIONVIBRATIONTESTERPERFORMANCEMAXPAYLOAD300KGMAXIMUMSTROKE254MMPERFORMANCE06HZTABLESIZE11002000MMVIBRATIONSTYLEVERTICALLINERMOTIONVIBRATIONTESTER68LABEQUIPMENT3CIRCULARVIBRATIONTESTERPERFORMANCEMAXPAYLOAD150KGMAXIMUMSTROKE254MMPERFORMANCE06HZTABLESIZE12001600MMVIBRATIONSTYLECIRCULARMOTIONCIRCULARVIBRATIONTESTER69LABEQUIPMENT4TEMPERATUREHUMIDITYCHAMBERPERFORMANCETEMPERATURERANGE70150HUMIDITYRANGE1098RHACCURACYOFTEMPERATURE05UNIFORMITYOFTEMPERATURE20UNIFORMITYOFHUMIDITY30RH75RH,50RH75RHHEATINGTIME7015080MINCOOLINGTIME207090MINDISPLAYLCDTOUCHSCREENDISPLAYINTERNALSIZE100010001000MMTEMPERATUREHUMIDITYCHAMBER70LABEQUIPMENT5COMPRESSIONTESTERPERFORMANCECAPACITY03000KGFSENSITIVEOFTRANSDUCER1/1000TABLESIZE1500X1500MMVELOCITY127MM/MIN,5100MM/MINUNIVERSALTESTMACHINE71LABEQUIPMENT6DROPTESTER1PERFORMANCEMAXPAYLOADS300KGDROPHEIGHT01500MMDROPOPERATIONHANDHELDPENDANTSWITCHDROPTESTER172LABEQUIPMENT7DROPTESTER2PERFORMANCEMAXPAYLOADS150KGDROPHEIGHT3001500MMDROPOPERATIONMANUALLEAFRESETDROPTESTER273LABEQUIPMENT8INCLINEIMPACTTESTERPERFORMANCEMAXDOLLYTRAVEL4000MMIMPACTFACE1000X2000MMMAXIMPACTVELOCITY325M/SDOLLYSURFACEAREA1020X1220MMMAXPAYLOADS400KGGRADIENT10OINCLINEIMPACTTESTER74LABCAPACITY1TEMPERATUREHUMIDITYHOUSEPERFORMANCETEMPERATURE231HUMIDITY502RHINTERNALSIZE600060002600MMTEMPERATUREHUMIDITYHOUSE75LABCAPACITY2BURSTINGTESTBURSTINGSTRENGTHASPECIMENOFBOARDISCLAMPEDBETWEENTWOPLATENSWITHCIRCULAROPENINGSINTHEIRCENTERSANEXPANSIBLEDIAPHRAGMISDISTENDEDTHROUGHTHELOWERPLATENBYMEANSOFHYDRAULICPRESSUREUNTILTHESPECIMENBURSTSTHEMAXIMUMHYDRAULICPRESSUREWHENTHESPECIMENRUPTURESISRECORDEDAVAILABLEFORBURSTINGSTRENGTHOFPAPER,PAPERBOARD,CORRUGATEDBOARD,COMPOUNDLEATHER,CLOTHANDSOONSTANDARDTAPPIT810,ISO2759,GB/T6545MULLENBURSTINGTESTER76LABCAPACITY3PUNCTURERESISTANCETESTPUNCTURERESISTANCETHEPUNCTURERESISTANCEOFCOMBINEDBOARDINDICATESTHEABILITYOFTHEFINISHEDCONTAINERTOWITHSTANDEXTERNALANDINTERNALPOINTPRESSUREFORCESANDTOPROTECTTHEPRODUCTDURINGROUGHHANDLINGAVAILABLEFORITISUSEDONHEAVYDOUBLEWALLANDTRIPLEWALLASANALTERNATIVETOBURSTSTANDARDTAPPIT803,ISO3036,GB/T26797PUNCTURERESISTANCETESTER77LABCAPACITY4TEARINGRESISTANCETESTTEARINGRESISTANCEMORETHANONESHEETOFTHESAMPLEMATERIALARETORNTOGETHERTHROUGHAFIXEDDISTANCEBYMEANSOFTHEPENDULUMOFANELMENDORFTYPETEARINGTESTERTHEWORKDONEINTEARINGISMEASUREDBYTHELOSSINPOTENTIALENERGYOFTHEPENDULUMAVAILABLEFORITUSEDONPAPERANDPAPERBOARDHAVINGLOWGRAMMAGESTANDARDTAPPIT414,ISO1974,GB/T455TEARINGRESISTANCETESTER78LABCAPACITY5THICKNESSTESTTHICKNESSTHETESTERISAPPLYINGTOTESTTHETHICKNESSOFFLATSHEETSPECIMENSAVAILABLEFORPAPER,PAPERBOARD,CORRUGATEDFIBERBOARDANDOTHERMATERIALSTANDARDTAPPIT411,ISO534,GB/T4513THICKNESSTESTER79LABCAPACITY6WATERABSORPTIVENESSTESTWATERABSORPTIVENESSATESTPIECEISWEIGHEDIMMEDIATELYBEFOREANDIMMEDIATELYAFTEREXPOSUREFORASPECIFIEDTIMEOFONESURFACETOWATER,FOLLOWEDBYBLOTTINGAVAILABLEFORPAPER,PAPERBOARD,CORRUGATEDFIBERBOARDSTANDARDISO535WATERABSORPTIVENESSTESTER80LABCAPACITY7FOLDINGENDURANCETESTMITFOLDINGENDURANCETHELOGARITHMTOTHEBASE10OFTHENUMBEROFDOUBLEFOLDSREQUIREDTOBREAKTHEPAPERWHENASTRIPOFPAPER15MM059INWIDEISTESTEDUNDERASTANDARDTENSIONAVAILABLEFORPAPER,PAPERBOARDANDOTHERMATERIALSTANDARDGB/T26795,TAPPIT511,ASTMD2176,ISO5626FOLDINGENDURANCETESTER81LABCAPACITY8BECKSMOOTHNESSTESTFOLDINGENDURANCETHETIMEAIRLEAKFROMTHEGAPBETWEENTESTEDMATERIALANDPLATENUNDERASPECIFIEDPRESSUREANDAREAAVAILABLEFORITISAPPLIEDTOMEASURESMOOTHNESSOFPAPERANDCARDBOARD,BUTNOTPROPERTOMEASURETHESHEETABOVE05MMORWITHFREERAIRPERMEABILITYSTANDARDISO5627TAPPIT479BECKSMOOTHNESSTESTER82LABCAPACITY9SUTHERLANDRUBTESTABRASIONRESISTANCETHISPRACTICECOVERSAPROCEDUREFORDETERMININGTHEABRASIONRESISTANCEOFPRINTEDMATERIALAVAILABLEFORLABELS,FOLDINGCARTONS,CORRUGATEDBOXES,INSERTS,CIRCULARS,ANDOTHERPACKAGINGMATERIALSHAVINGGRAPHICSONAFLATSUBSTRATESTANDARDISO5264SUTHERLANDRUBTESTER83LABCAPACITY10BENDINGSTIFFNESSBENDINGSTIFFNESSATESTSPECIMENOFDEFINEDDIMENSIONSISBENTTHROUGHASPECIFIEDANGLEUSINGASPECIFICTESTINGINSTRUMENTTHERESULTINGBENDINGMOMENTISREADFROMTHEINSTRUMENTSCALEAVAILABLEFORBENDINGSTIFFNESSOFPAPERANDPAPERBOARDBETWEEN0TO500MNMSTANDARDISO2493,TAPPIT489BENDINGTESTER84LABCAPACITY11COMPRESSIVESTRENGTHOFRINGCRUSHCOMPRESSIVESTRENGTHOFRINGCRUSHACOMPRESSIONFORCEISEXERTEDONASPECIMENHELDINRINGFORMINASPECIALSAMPLEHOLDERANDPLACEDBETWEENTWOPLATENSOFACOMPRESSIONMACHINE,BYCAUSINGTHEDRIVENPLATENTOAPPROACHTHERIGIDPLATENATAUNIFORMSPEEDUNTILTHESPECIMENCOLLAPSESSIGNIFICANCETHEEDGEWISECOMPRESSIONSTRENGTHOFCORRUGATEDBOARDISTHEPRINCIPALELEMENTINDETERMININGTHEDYNAMICCOMPRESSIONSTRENGTHOFTHECONTAINERMADEFROMTHATBOARDSTANDARDTAPPIT409RINGCRUSHFITTINGS85LABCAPACITY12PLYADHESIVESTRENGTHPLYADHESIVESTRENGTHTHEFORCESEPARATETHEFACINGSFROMTHEFLUTETIPSOFCORRUGATEDBOARDAVAILABLEFORTHETESTISAVAILABLEFORFLUTEOF“A”,”B”,“C”STANDARDGB/T6548PLYADHESIVESTRENGTHFITTINGS86LABCAPACITY13FLATCRUSHRESISTANCETESTFLATCRUSHRESISTANCETHEFLUTESRESISTANCETOCRUSHINGISEVALUATEDAVAILABLEFORCORRUGATEDFIBERBOARDSTANDARDTAPPIT808,ISO3035FLATCRUSHRESISTANCESAMPLECUTTERCOMPRESSIVETESTER87ISTA3A3EISTA3AAVAILABLEFORNTESTPROCEDURE3AISAGENERALSIMULATIONTESTFORINDIVIDUALPACKAGEDPRODUCTSSHIPPEDTHROUGHAPARCELDELIVERYSYSTEMTESTITEMSN1ATMOSPHERICCONDITIONINGOPTIONALN2RANDOMVIBRATIONTESTN3SHOCKTEST88ISTA3A3EISTA3EAVAILABLEFORNTESTPROCEDURE3EISAGENERALSIMULATIONTESTFORUNITIZEDLOADSOFTHESAMERETAILORINSTITUTIONALPACKAGEDPRODUCTSTESTITEMSN1ATMOSPHERICCONDITIONINGOPTIONALN2SHOCKTESTN3COMPRESSIONTESTN4RANDOMVIBRATIONTEST89THISOPTIONALCONDITIONINGTESTISSIMULATINGTHECONDITIONWHEREPACKAGEDPRODUCTSUFFERSFROMPRACTICEINTRANSPORTTHETEMPERATUREANDHUMIDITYMAYPRODUCEINFLUENCETOPACKAGEANDPRODUCTTHECAPACITYOFTHECHAMBERNTEMPERATURE70150NHUMIDITY1098RHNINTERNALDIMENSION10001