英語(yǔ)四級(jí)選詞填空高頻詞匯與技巧.doc

1、確定空白處詞性以下情況，空白處為動(dòng)詞：1 n./pron. vt. n./pron. 前有名后有名，中間謂動(dòng)2 n./pron. vi.前名后無(wú)名，謂動(dòng)不及物3 n./pron. vi. adv./prep.前名后介副，謂動(dòng)不及物4 n./pron. link v./be adj.前名后形容，be動(dòng)或系動(dòng)5 to v.前有to，后原型注意：確定空白處為動(dòng)詞，還需根據(jù)上下文確定正確形式以下情況，空白處為分詞：過(guò)去分詞：1has/have/had p.p(完成時(shí)態(tài))2be p.p(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))3p.p n.或 n. p.p(過(guò)去分詞做形容詞，表示被動(dòng)或已發(fā)生)現(xiàn)在分詞：1be -ing(進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài))2

2、-ing n.或n.-ing(現(xiàn)在分詞做形容詞，表示主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行)3prep. ing(介詞賓語(yǔ))以下情況，空白處為名詞：(名詞通常做主語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞介詞賓語(yǔ))1a/the n. 前有冠詞2n. V. 空白后為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞3prep. n. 空白前為介詞，則空白處為名詞或動(dòng)名詞(注意：根據(jù)空白處前的冠詞和上下文判斷所填名詞的單復(fù)數(shù);根據(jù)空白處后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式判斷所填名詞的單復(fù)數(shù))以下情況，空白處為形容詞：1adj. n. n. adj. 空白前后是名詞2adv. adj. 空白前是副詞3link v./be adj. be動(dòng)或系動(dòng)后考慮形容詞做表語(yǔ)以下情況，空白處為副詞：1adv. v.或 v. a

3、dv.副詞修飾動(dòng)詞，表示程度狀態(tài)2adv. adj.副詞可修飾形容詞3adv.從句，有些副詞做句子的狀語(yǔ)，表示轉(zhuǎn)折因果等邏輯關(guān)系確定考點(diǎn)需要積極意義還是消極意義，繼而縮小選擇范圍，節(jié)省大量時(shí)間。Sample: The classroom (offers) opportunities for children to replace angry, violent behaviors with _ , peaceful ones.(根據(jù)語(yǔ)法判斷此處為形容詞，與peaceful有一樣具有積極意義，與前文的angry, violent詞義色彩相反，那么comprehensive, cooperative

4、, entire應(yīng)選擇cooperative)介詞后一定是名詞或動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ).注意 to (介詞&動(dòng)詞不定式)to的短語(yǔ)接動(dòng)名詞 :abandon oneself to(沉溺于),adhere to(堅(jiān)持),stick to(堅(jiān)持，信守),cling to(堅(jiān)持，忠于),admit to(承認(rèn)),confess to(承認(rèn)),contribute to(做貢獻(xiàn)),feel up to(感覺(jué)能勝任),get down to(開(kāi)始著手做),give ones mind to(專心),give way to(讓步),yield to(屈服),lead to(導(dǎo)致),look forward to(渴

5、望),object to(反對(duì)),take to(開(kāi)始從事，喜歡),turn to(求助),succumb to(屈服),see to(照顧，料理),get used to, be accustomed to, be addicted to, be committed to, be dedicated to, be devoted to, be opposed to, be reduced to, be subject to(受支配的，常遭受),submit to(順從，屈服)利用不定冠詞(a/an)判斷考點(diǎn)是否為元音開(kāi)頭，縮小選擇范圍Sample: Husband and children

6、now do some of these jobs, a _ that has changed the target market for many products.(scale, potential, gap, extreme, purchase, situation)充分利用詞庫(kù)中的近義詞或反義詞(若詞庫(kù)中出現(xiàn)一對(duì)近義或反義詞，其中一個(gè)必定是干擾項(xiàng).反義詞考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章語(yǔ)境色彩的辨析，只要辨析考點(diǎn)單詞是積極還是消極意義，就不難排除.近義詞考查考生對(duì)詞匯搭配用法的掌握，需要學(xué)生牢記近義詞的各種用法及搭配。)Sample：A) gravelyB) respectC) limitedD) sp

7、ecializeE) seriouslyF) promotingG) involvesH) relievedI) significantJ) magnificentK) rangeL) issuesM) resultN) determiningO) complicatedToday, we take pain_.(此處應(yīng)用副詞做狀語(yǔ)，考查近義詞辨析.Take sth. seriously為固定搭配)注意一詞多性：詞庫(kù)中的詞有的既是名詞又是動(dòng)詞，有些分詞也可以充當(dāng)形容詞，確定空白處所需單詞詞性后要全面考慮詞庫(kù)中的單詞詞性，不能遺漏。(respect, result, range)EI Nino

8、is the name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world. This strange 47 happens every five to eight years. It starts in the pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds(信風(fēng)), which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. A

9、s the trade winds lessen in 48 , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5(degrees centigrade).The warning of the ocean has far-reaching effects. The hot, humid (潮濕的)air over the ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms. The rainfall is inc

10、reased across South America, 50 floods to Peru. In the West Pacific, there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia. So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and 51 .EI Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1982-83 EI Nino

11、brought the most 52 weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage. The 1990 EI Nino lasted until June 1995. Scientists 54 this to be the longest EI Nino for 2,000 years.Nowadays, weather experts are able

12、to forecast when an EI Nino will 55 , but they are still not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.其選項(xiàng)如下：A) estimate;B) strength;C) deliberately;D) notify;E) tropical;F) phenomenon;G) stable;H) attraction;I) completely;J) destructive;K) starvation;L) bringing;M) exhaustion;N

13、) worth;O) strike解題方法一、辨析詞性把十五個(gè)選項(xiàng)按詞性分別歸入名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等類別?？v觀樣題和真題，我們知道15個(gè)詞匯都屬于最重要的四類實(shí)詞。我們要學(xué)會(huì)每種詞匯的基本搭配和基本用法。辨性要注意下面幾點(diǎn)。1.遇到動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行二次分類：確定時(shí)態(tài)，確定是第三人稱單數(shù)還是非第三人稱單數(shù);但應(yīng)注意動(dòng)詞+ed型的有兩種可能性，動(dòng)詞或形容詞;遇到名詞要確定單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。2.不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞，看后綴。構(gòu)詞法中，前綴表明意思，后綴表明詞性。所以看一個(gè)詞的后綴，往往能大致分出詞性。3.詞性一時(shí)無(wú)法確定的，暫時(shí)擱置，不必糾纏，影響全局。4.作出相應(yīng)的標(biāo)記。可直接用自己最清楚的符號(hào)清楚標(biāo)在每個(gè)詞前

14、后。不清楚的都標(biāo)問(wèn)號(hào)。以真題為例辨詞性A) estimate; B) strength;C) deliberately; D) notify;E) tropical; F) phenomenon;G) stable; H) attraction;I) completely; J) destructive;K) starvation; L) bringing;M) exhaustion; N) worth;O) Strike名詞：B,F,H,K,M(B的后綴th, H、K、M的tion都是名詞后綴)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：A,D,O(A的-ate極可能是動(dòng)詞，D的-fy為動(dòng)詞后綴)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：L(-ing結(jié)尾

15、)形容詞：E, G, J(E的-cal, G的able, J的tive是形容詞后綴)副詞：C和I(ly加在形容詞后為副詞后綴)注意：即使從沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)，也想辦法看能否判斷其詞性，詞的性質(zhì)有時(shí)比詞義還重要。詞的性質(zhì)并不總是固定的，有些不認(rèn)識(shí)的或無(wú)法確定的，如N) worth (adj./n.)，可先擱置，不要過(guò)度糾纏。綜合解題將選項(xiàng)分類之后，就得從文章中來(lái)尋找對(duì)應(yīng)的線索了。選項(xiàng)與文章匹配的因素有兩個(gè)，第一是詞性，第二是詞義。所以在讀文章時(shí)，要通過(guò)各種手段來(lái)確定空格的詞性與意義。(一)確定詞性，確定選項(xiàng)的選擇范圍1)關(guān)于動(dòng)詞的判斷前后都是名詞短語(yǔ)，中間是動(dòng)詞 。根據(jù)一句(包括從句)有且只有一個(gè)謂動(dòng)的原則

16、，其它地方如無(wú)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，則需要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞;反之則不需要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an El Nino will 55 , but.(will后面必然是原形動(dòng)詞，一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ))55. O strikeScientists 54 this to be the longest El Nino for 2,000 years.(此句后只有一個(gè)to be，是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，故空格必為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞;且空格前后均為名詞性，也基本確定它是動(dòng)詞。)54. A estimate一個(gè)完整的句子之后再跟逗號(hào)，后面一般是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。The

17、 rainfall is increased across South America, 50 floods to Peru.(前面是一個(gè)完整的句子，逗號(hào)后跟的，一般是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。此題選項(xiàng)中非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只有一個(gè)，故直選之。)50. L bringing2)其它詞的判斷形容詞或名詞修飾名詞，限定詞(the, this, that, a, my之類)后必有名詞This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.47. F phenomenonThe hot, humid (潮濕的) air over the ocean causes severe

18、49 thunderstorms.49. E tropicalEl Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history.(前面是最高級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)，自然是形容詞。)52. J destructive副詞修飾形容詞或動(dòng)詞, but they are still not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.(修飾形容詞sure, 當(dāng)為副詞)56. I co

19、mpletely謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前有名詞主語(yǔ)This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.(happens是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，也可知前面為名詞短語(yǔ)，缺一個(gè)核心名詞。)47. F phenomenon介詞后面必有名詞As the trade winds lessen in 48 , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 C.(在介詞in的后面，當(dāng)為名詞無(wú)疑，此處整個(gè)短語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾lessen

20、減少，當(dāng)為在某個(gè)方面減少。)48. B strength(二)句里句外，猜測(cè)詞義一看搭配：主謂賓、主系表與修飾 詞直接的搭配關(guān)系決定著詞的意義。所以先看它被誰(shuí)修飾，與誰(shuí)形成主謂賓關(guān)系?？匆环N關(guān)系不行就看另一個(gè)，靈活處之。This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.strange修飾47，也許看不出來(lái)是什么，再看47與happen形成主謂關(guān)系，能夠發(fā)生的是什么最好的當(dāng)然是現(xiàn)象。47. F phenomenon二看邏輯：1.句內(nèi)(狀語(yǔ)從句，解釋，并列等)As the trade winds lessen in 48, the ocean te

21、mperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 C.此句有一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句，as表示的時(shí)間或因果關(guān)系，是重要的解題線索。風(fēng)的什么減少，溫度就上升，當(dāng)然是風(fēng)的速度或風(fēng)力。48. B strengthSo while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and 51.空格與前面兩個(gè)名詞并列，意味著意思相近。與

22、干旱、收成不好一致的，很容易選出starvation饑荒.51. K starvation2.前文(指代等、句間連詞)This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.This告訴我們，此處是重提前面講到過(guò)的某個(gè)東西。前面講到過(guò)的核心概念就是El Nino, 無(wú)疑是一種天氣“現(xiàn)象”。47. F phenomenon表示可從前文找相應(yīng)線索的有兩類。與this一大類的還有：This/these/such; the same/similar; worse/better/more/less等。還有就是表示邏輯關(guān)系的句間連詞，或者叫連接副詞。主要的如下。

23、遞進(jìn)：Moreover/furthermore/whatmore/besides/in addition/even/also轉(zhuǎn)折：however/but/rather/instead因果：therefore/consequently/accordingly/thus/hence3.后文El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than

24、2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage.段落開(kāi)始部分，提出一個(gè)總的概括性的說(shuō)法。往往在下文有分述。El Nino究竟帶來(lái)的是什么樣的天氣，后面一句就交代得十分清楚。52. J destructive (dead , damage)三看習(xí)慣用法：固定搭配Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage.53. N worth

25、 此處考的是worth這個(gè)詞的特殊用法。它本是一個(gè)形容詞，但可用worth of sth, 來(lái)表明價(jià)值某物的某東西。e.g. The fire caused thousands of pounds worth of damage.Americas most famous woman is the Goddess of Liberty, i. e. the Statue of Liberty. It was first thought of in 1865 by Edouard de Laboulaye and designed by another Frenchman, Frederic Ba

26、rtoldi. They wanted to 11 liberty and friendship.It was hoped that the monument would be completed by 1876 when America 12 its centennial. Fund raising and the 13 of the statue in France went slowly. It was 1885 when the 214 crates containing the statue reached New York.Americans were initially 14 f

27、or they had not raised the money to pay for the erection of the base. Fund raising by popular subscription was behind 15 . One fund raising method used was to have popular Americans write letters which were then sold in public.The base and statue, 16 272 feet tall, were completed in 1886. From a 17

28、standpoint, the statue is a marvel. The inner structure was designed by the French engineer, Alexandre Eiffel. His design for the stressed copper skin of the statue anticipated many of the 18 utilized in modern aircraft.After a century, the monument began to show signs of getting worse in 19 . Just

29、as Frenchmen had created the Statue, so it was with restoration.A Frenchman noted the decay and French and American craftsmen and contributions brought about the renewal of the Statue in time for its centennial.Liberty is still 20 in France and the United States.A. completelyB. measuresC. popularD.

30、togetherE. honorF. manufactureG. scheduleH. rewardI. celebratedJ. principlesK. embarrassedL. technicalM. voluntaryN conditions0. discouraged答案：11. E 12. I 13. F 14. K 15. G 16. D 17. L 18. JThe Louisiana PurchaseOn April 30, 1803, the area of the United States approximately doubled. Until that time,

31、 United States territory had extended from the Atlantic Ocean to the banks of the Mississippi and from the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River to the thirty-first parallel. The national land now was expanded westward to include practically all of the area between the Mississippi River and the Roc

32、ky Mountains and between the Gulf of Mexico and the Canadian border. On that day, for fifteen million dollars, the United States purchased from France 875,000 square miles of territory. After Robert R. Livingston, an American who represented President Jefferson in France, signed his name to the trea

33、ty, he rose, shook hands with James Monroe and Marbois, the Frenchman representing Napoleon and remarked, We have lived long, but this is the noblest work of our lives. As we glance backward upon this important event in history, we must agree that the signing of the treaty for the purchase of Louisi

34、ana was probably the most important event in Thomas Jeffersons administration. Without the acquisition of this territory, the United States would most probably have not developed into the powerful nation which it is today.What Causes Led to Purchase of the Louisiana TerritoryUntil 1763, Louisiana ha

35、d been a possession of France, but in that year it was given to Spain to repay an old debt. Twenty years later in Paris, the treaty ending the American Revolution was signed between the United States and Great Britain. One of the terms of this treaty was that the western border of the United States

36、was to stretch to the Mississippi River. Immediately settlers and pioneers crossed westward over the Allegheny Mountains to clear the territory and establish farms. Since roads were scarce and difficult to travel, the products of these farmers had to be shipped on the waterways leading to the Missis

37、sippi River and then down this great stream to New Orleans. At this port city, the produce was transferred to larger ocean-going vessels and transported to markets on the Eastern Seaboard or to Europe. However, Spains ownership of both shores of the river for at least two hundred miles north of New

38、Orleans permitted this foreign nation to control the trade moving on the Mississippi. As a monarchy (君主政體) ，the Spanish government distrusted the rising spirit of democracy in the United States, especially the much freer expression of democracy that existed among the western farmers. This distrust o

39、f democracy resulted in the desire of the Spanish to deny the use of the great river to any Americans. The reaction was instantaneous (瞬間的 ) and furious, western farmers raised their voices to protest and the United states sent John Jay to Madrid to discuss this matter. In 1795 this conflict was set

40、tled. Spain consented to allow citizens of the United States the right to use the lower Mississippi River and also the right of deposit at New Orleans, the right of deposit permitted American farmers, without a duty charge, to remove their products from smaller boats at New Orleans after having navi

41、gated down the Mississippi, and then to transfer the agricultural commodities to larger ocean-going vessels.For the succeeding five years this agreement was observed and little conflict existed. On October 1, 1800, however, Spain signed a treaty giving the ownership of the Louisiana territory back t

42、o France. The news of this treaty did not reach Jefferson until May of the following year. As soon as he became aware of the change in ownership of the territory, Jefferson realized that this was part of a plan by which Napoleon hoped to establish France as a great power in the New World. Although N

43、apoleon still permitted Spain to remain in control of the port of New Orleans, the future threat to the navigation rights of the western farmers still remained. At any moment, Napoleon might send troops to the Gateway and forbid Americans to use it for navigation. This would affect almost forty per

44、cent of the total export trade of the United States. By April 1802 Jeffersons concerns in this matter became even more intense. Napoleon had shipped armed forces to Santo Domingo to suppress the uprising. Once this had been accomplished, the troops were under orders to take possession of Louisiana w

45、ith its key port city of New Orleans. On the eighteenth of that month the President wrote his now-famous letter to the American Minister to France, Robert R. Livingston.There is one place on the globe, one single spot, the possessor of which is our natural and habitual enemy. It is New Orleans throu

46、gh which the produce of three eighths of our territory must pass to market. . . it seals the union of two nations who in conjunction can maintain exclusive possession of the ocean. From that moment we must marry ourselves to the British fleet and nation.Seven months later Jefferson learned that the

47、Spanish officials at New Orleans had suspended(暫不實(shí)行) the right of deposit. Immediately westernfarmers protested. Many demanded immediate action. Others pressed for a declaration of war. The Federalists in the East who opposed Jefferson sided with those who wished to declare war, in order to split th

48、e ranks of his followers. In January 1803, Congress appropriated two million dollars to defray (支付) expenses to help improve relations between the United States and foreign nations. Jefferson asked James Monroe to sail for France to resolve the difficulty. Monroe was instructed to negotiate for the

49、purchase of New Orleans and Florida. He was permitted to offer 50,000,000 francs for this concession of territory. If this offer were refused, then an alternative offer of 37,500,000 francs was to be made for New Orleans alone. A third alternative to be used in the negotiation was to insist upon the

50、 permanent right of deposit at New Orleans and navigation along the lower Mississippi. If all three offers were rejected by Napoleon, Monroe and Livingston were instructed to negotiate an alliance with the British Government not to make any peace with France. Why Napoleon Sold LouisianaEvents favore

51、d the United States. Napoleon had transported 35,000 troops to wipe out the rebellion in Santo Domingo, but yellow fever and the rebels did away with most of the French troops. With this disaster Napoleons visions of expanding in the mainland at New Orleans vanished. He also recognized he inevitabil

52、ity of a conflict with Great Britain. How could he hope to keep Louisiana, thousands of miles away across the Atlantic, as long as Britain was Empress of the Seas? The revenue that the sale of Louisiana would bring toFrance was a temptation to Napoleon, whose treasury was almost depleted (消耗). Confronted with so many prob