高一年級(jí)定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法講解及練習(xí)

1、定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句(Attributive clause) 概念概念:在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的句子。在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的句子。 (在句子中作定語(yǔ)在句子中作定語(yǔ)) Tom is a smart boy.Tom is a boy who is smart.形容詞作定語(yǔ)形容詞作定語(yǔ)句子作定語(yǔ)句子作定語(yǔ),修飾修飾boy, 叫定語(yǔ)從句叫定語(yǔ)從句Tom is a boy who is smart.先行詞先行詞關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞which, who, whom, whose, thatwhere, when，why關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞先

2、行詞先行詞功能功能備注備注that人或物人或物主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可省略可省略which物物主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)who人人主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)whom人人賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)whose人或物人或物定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ) *The book (which/that) they sent me is very good. *The man who/that stole your car has been arrested. 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)*The man (whom/that) I saw told me to come here. *Please pass me the dictio

3、nary whose cover is black. 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)that和和which用法的區(qū)別用法的區(qū)別1. 只能用只能用that不能用不能用which的情況的情況(1) 先行詞為先行詞為all, everything, nothing, something, anything, few, little, much 等不定代詞時(shí)。等不定代詞時(shí)。I am sure she has something _ you can borrow.(that)Do you have anything _ you dont understand?(that)(2)先行詞被先行詞被all, any, ea

4、ch, few, every, no, some, little, much等修飾時(shí)。等修飾時(shí)。Ive read all the books _ you lend me. Please send us any information _ you have about the subject.thatthat(3)先行先行詞被詞被序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞或形容詞或形容詞最高級(jí)最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。修飾時(shí)。This is the first book _ he has read.thatIt is the most beautiful city _ Ive ever seen.that(4)先行詞被先行詞被the o

5、nly, the very, the same, the last修飾修飾時(shí)。時(shí)。This is the very book _ belongs to him.thatHe is the only person _ was present at the time.that(5)先行詞先行詞既有人又有物既有人又有物時(shí)。時(shí)。She took photographs of the things and people _ she was interested in. that(6)當(dāng)主句是以當(dāng)主句是以which或或who 開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)。開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)。 Who is the girl _ d

6、rove the car? that2. 只用只用which不用不用that的情況的情況(1)關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中跟在介詞后面，關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中跟在介詞后面，指物用指物用which，指人用，指人用whom。 There are many trees _ they can have a rest.This is the ring _ she spent 1,000 dollars.under whichon which(2) 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。 Football, _ is a very popular game, is played all over

7、the world.which關(guān)系代詞只用關(guān)系代詞只用that的情況的情況1.先行詞是先行詞是everything, nothing, anything，something, much, little, none等不定代詞等不定代詞2.先行詞被形容詞先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾修飾3.先行詞被先行詞被any, some, no, much, few, little, every, all, very, only, last 等修飾等修飾 4.先行詞被先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時(shí)修飾時(shí)5.先行詞中先行詞中既有人又有物

8、既有人又有物6. who/which 等等作先行詞時(shí)作先行詞時(shí) 1.在在介詞介詞后面，指事物用后面，指事物用which, 指人用指人用whom2. 非限制定語(yǔ)非限制定語(yǔ)從句中從句中關(guān)系代詞只用關(guān)系代詞只用which的情況的情況 that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide1.A huge crack_ _ cut across houses, roads and canals.2.The number of people _ reached more than 400,000.who were killed or seriously

9、 injured3.Everywhere _nearly everything was destroyed.(that) they looked4.Then, later that afternoon, another big quake _shook Tangshan. 5.The army organized teams to dig out those _.which was almost as strong as the first onewho were trapped and to bury the dead6.Workers built shelters for survivor

10、s _.whose homes had been destroyed注意：注意： 1.從句缺少?gòu)木淙鄙僦髡Z(yǔ)主語(yǔ)或或賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系代詞，則用關(guān)系代詞 2.從句缺少?gòu)木淙鄙贍钫Z(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系副詞，則用關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞先行詞先行詞功能功能when表時(shí)間的名詞表時(shí)間的名詞時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)where表地點(diǎn)的名詞表地點(diǎn)的名詞地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)why一般為一般為reason原因狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ) 關(guān)系副詞的用法關(guān)系副詞的用法I still remember the day when I first came to this school. Whats the name of the place wher

11、e you spent your holiday last year? The reason why he was late for class was that he got up late. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)“介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 定語(yǔ)從句中的介詞有時(shí)可置于關(guān)系代定語(yǔ)從句中的介詞有時(shí)可置于關(guān)系代詞之前，形成詞之前，形成“介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)構(gòu)。關(guān)系代詞通常是關(guān)系代詞通常是which和和whom；which指物，指物，whom指人。指人。 1. 介詞介詞+which在所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、在所引導(dǎo)的定

12、語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)等。地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)等。 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞在從句中的作用在從句中的作用when (=at/in/on /during/ which)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)where (=in/at/ which)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)why (=for which)原因狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ) *Ill never forget the days on which we studied together. *This is the town in which Shakespeare was born. *Can you explain the reason for which you were

13、 absent？2. “名詞名詞/代詞代詞/數(shù)詞數(shù)詞+介詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)常用來(lái)表結(jié)構(gòu)常用來(lái)表示與先行詞之間的從屬關(guān)系，可以用示與先行詞之間的從屬關(guān)系，可以用whose結(jié)構(gòu)代結(jié)構(gòu)代替。替。Please pass me the book, the cover of which/whose cover is blue. There are fifty students in our class, most of whom are from big cities. (1)看先行詞與介詞的搭配?？聪刃性~與介詞的搭配。The book has opened a window through

14、which we can see a wonderful world outside. (2)看從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配?？磸木渲^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配。The university from which he graduated is supposed to be one of top universities in the world. 關(guān)系代詞前介詞的選擇關(guān)系代詞前介詞的選擇(3)看從句中形容詞與介詞的搭配?？磸木渲行稳菰~與介詞的搭配。Her daughter has been admitted into Beijing University, of which she is very pr

15、oud. (4)看定語(yǔ)從句的含義看定語(yǔ)從句的含義Nowhere could he find his glasses, without which he could see nothing. 在定語(yǔ)從句中在定語(yǔ)從句中“介詞介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)不可以與普通關(guān)系結(jié)構(gòu)不可以與普通關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞互換的情況。代詞或關(guān)系副詞互換的情況。 (1)介詞介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)在定語(yǔ)從句中所作狀語(yǔ)不表示結(jié)構(gòu)在定語(yǔ)從句中所作狀語(yǔ)不表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因時(shí)。時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因時(shí)。 *Theres only one problem about which they disagree. (2)有些有些“動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+介詞介詞”短語(yǔ)，如短語(yǔ)，如look for, look after, take care of等，如果介詞提前將會(huì)失去動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)等，如果介詞提前將會(huì)失去動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的意義時(shí)，介詞不能提前變成的意義時(shí)，介詞不能提前變成“介詞介詞+wh