高中英語 Unit 3 Period Two Learning about Language教學(xué)案 新人教版選修5

1、Period TwoLearning about LanguageGrammar：The Past Participle (3) as the Adverbial and Attribute過去分詞作狀語和定語1過去分詞作定語單個過去分詞作定語，常放在被修飾的名詞之前；過去分詞短語修飾名詞，一般都放在所修飾的名詞之后，在意義上相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。I have his written promise.我有他的書面承諾。Those are finished products.那些是成品。He is a man loved by all.他是個深受群眾愛戴的人。2過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語，相當(dāng)于

2、一個狀語從句，表明原因、時間、條件等。(1)作原因狀語Tired by the trip，he soon fell asleep.Because he was tired by the trip，he soon fell asleep.Lost in thought，he almost ran into a car.As he was lost in thought，he almost ran into a car.(2)作時間狀語Seen from the hill，the city looks like a garden.When the city is seen from the hil

3、l，it looks like a garden.(3)作條件狀語Given more time，I would have worked out the problem.If I have been given more time，I would have worked out the problem.(4)作伴隨狀語The teacher came in，followed by some students.The teacher came in and was followed by some students.注意：分詞短語作狀語時，通常與主句中的主語在邏輯上一致，但有時它也可以有自己獨立

4、的邏輯上的主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。Her grandfather being ill，she had to stay at home looking after him.3非謂語動詞作定語的區(qū)別(1)動名詞作定語表示所修飾名詞的用途。a writing tablea table for writing寫字臺(2)現(xiàn)在分詞一般式的主動語態(tài)作定語表示所修飾的人或物正在進行的動作(若為動作動詞)，相當(dāng)于進行時的主動語態(tài)的定語從句，或表示所修飾的人或物經(jīng)常存在的一種狀態(tài)(若為狀態(tài)動詞)，相當(dāng)于一般時態(tài)的定語從句。The boy playing the piano(The boy who is

5、playing the piano) is my nephew.正在彈鋼琴的那個男孩是我的侄子。The building standing in the center(The building which stands in the center) is an experiment building.坐落在中心的樓房是實驗樓。(3)現(xiàn)在分詞一般式的被動語態(tài)作定語表示所修飾的人或物被動的正在進行的行為，相當(dāng)于進行時的被動語態(tài)的定語從句。The building being painted(The building which is being painted) will be our teach

6、ing building.正在被粉刷的樓房將是我們的教學(xué)樓。(4)不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語表示已經(jīng)完成的行為，相當(dāng)于完成時的主動語態(tài)的定語從句。fallen leaves(leaves which have fallen) 落葉developed countries(countries which have developed) 發(fā)達國家(5)及物動詞的過去分詞作定語表示被動的發(fā)生過的行為，相當(dāng)于一般時的被動語態(tài)的定語從句。a building built last year(a building which was built last year) 去年所建的樓房(6)不定式作定語表示還未

7、發(fā)生的行為，相當(dāng)于將來時態(tài)的定語從句。不定式作定語的常見類型有：Sb. has sth.to do (do sth.的動作執(zhí)行者是句中主語時用)；Sb.has sth.to be done.(do sth.的動作執(zhí)行者不是句中主語，而是說話人時用)。I have a composition to write.我有一篇作文要寫。(write a composition的執(zhí)行者是句中主語I)Im going to Tibet.Do you have anything to be taken there for your husband？我準(zhǔn)備去西藏。你有沒有要為你丈夫帶到那兒去的東西？(take

8、anything的動作執(zhí)行者是說話人I)4非謂語動詞作狀語的區(qū)別(1)不定式常作目的狀語和結(jié)果狀語：表情感的形容詞(如glad，pleased，delighted，surprised等)后可接不定式作原因狀語。作表語和賓語補足語的形容詞或“形容詞名詞”后?？山硬欢ㄊ阶鳡钫Z，要注意此結(jié)構(gòu)中常用不定式的主動語態(tài)表被動含義，而且不定式與句中主語(形容詞或“形容詞名詞”作句中表語時)或賓語(形容詞或形容詞加名詞作賓補時)有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。所以，不定式后不能再出現(xiàn)賓語，在必要時還須加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~才能與句中主語或賓語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。但在too.to結(jié)構(gòu)和enough to結(jié)構(gòu)中，形容詞后的不定式主

9、動和被動結(jié)構(gòu)都可以使用。The professor was surprised to see some country people seated at the back of the classroom.看到一些鄉(xiāng)下人坐在教室后邊教授很吃驚。English grammar is difficult to learn.英語語法很難學(xué)。Radioactive matter is dangerous to work with.放射性物質(zhì)操作起來很危險。Some of the stars are too far away to see(to be seen)一些星星太遙遠了看不見。I find my

10、 companion hard to deal with.我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的同事很難相處。(2)現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞在句中可作伴隨、方式、時間、條件、原因、讓步等狀語。作原因狀語時，分詞和不定式的區(qū)別是：不定式只表示引起某種情感的原因，常接在表情感的形容詞后；而分詞陳述的是干某事的原因。We were shocked to see the boy was so badly treated.看到那男孩被如此虐待，我們很震驚。Not knowing what to do，I turned to him for advice.因為不知道該怎么辦，我向他求教。.單項填空1Lucys new job paid t

11、wice as much as she had made_in the restaurant.Aworking Bwork Cto work Dworked答案A解析“working in the restaurant”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語在句中作狀語。2Ideally _ between Broadway Theatres and Fifth Avenue，the New York Park hotel is a favourite with many guests.Alocating Bbeing locatedChaving been located Dlocated答案D解析locate與t

12、he New York Park hotel之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故locate須用過去分詞。該題中為過去分詞短語作原因狀語。3_by a greater demand for vegetables，farmers have built more greenhouses.ADriven BBeing drivenCTo drive DHaving driven答案A解析本題考查非謂語動詞。句意為：受對于蔬菜的更大量需求的驅(qū)使，農(nóng)民們建了更多的暖棚?？崭裉帪榫渥拥臓钫Z，其邏輯主語為farmers，與drive之間存在被動關(guān)系，故用被動形式。4_into use in April 2000，th

13、e hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.APut BPuttingCHaving put DBeing put答案A解析the hotline與put之間存在著被動關(guān)系，所以選A。5We often provide our children with toys，footballs or basketballs，_that all children like these things.Athinking Bthink Cto think Dthought答案A解析we和thin

14、k之間存在著主謂關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞thinking。6_with so much trouble，we failed to complete the task on time.AFaced BFace CFacing DTo face答案A解析句意為：由于面臨這么多的困難，我們沒能準(zhǔn)時完成任務(wù)。sb.be faced with sth.某人面對某事。7_in the queue for half an hour，the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.AWaiting BTo waitCHaving wa

15、ited DTo have waited答案C解析逗號前的部分是時間狀語，不定式一般不作時間狀語，首先排除B、D兩項；wait的動作在realize之前，故用分詞的完成式。8Dont sit there_nothing.Come and help me with this table.Ado Bto doCdoing Dand doing答案C解析句意為：不要坐在那里什么都不做，過來幫我擺桌子。doing nothing作伴隨狀語修飾謂語動詞sit those。9No matter how frequently_，the works of Beethoven still attract peo

16、ple all over the world.Aperformed BperformingCto be performed Dbeing performed答案A解析perform和the works之間存在著動賓關(guān)系，故用performed表示被動；no matter how frequently performedno matter how the works are frequently performed。10_more attention，the trees could have grown better.AGiven BTo giveCGiving DHaving given答案A

17、解析句意為：如果給予更多的照料的話，這些樹會長得更好。give和tree之間存在著動賓關(guān)系，故選A項。11_ to reach them on the phone，we sent an email instead.AFail BFailedCTo fail DHaving failed答案D解析考查非謂語動詞作狀語，與主語構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系。12_by the beauty of nature，the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.AAttracting BAttractedCTo be attracte

18、d DHaving attracted答案B解析attract和the girl之間存在著動賓關(guān)系，故選B項。13Once lost，_.Ait is difficult to get such a chance againBone can never get such a chanceCsuch a chance will never come againDto get such a chance will be difficult答案C解析once lost原句應(yīng)該為once the chance is lost，其余答案的主語用在這兒都不合適，故選C項。14With the door_o

19、n，the thiefs heart_faster.Aknocked；beat Bbeing knocked；beatCbeing knocked；hit Dbeat；hit答案B解析句意為：由于有人正在敲門，這個賊的心臟跳得更快了?！坝腥苏谇瞄T”可用with the door being knocked來表達，being knocked表示動作正在進行。15Generally speaking，_according to the directions，the drug has no side effect.Awhen Bwhen takenCwhen to take Dwhen to be

20、 taken答案B解析when takenwhen the drug is taken，故選B項。16The policeman put down the phone，_with a smile on his face.Asatisfied BsatisfyingCto be satisfied Dhaving satisfied答案A解析句意為：那個警察放下電話，臉上露出滿意的微笑。satisfied滿意的；satisfying令人滿意的。17_，your composition is full of mistakes.AWriting carelessly BWritten careles

21、slyCHaving written carelessly DBeing written carelessly答案B解析句意為：由于寫得很粗心，你的作文里有很多錯誤。write和composition之間存在著動賓關(guān)系，故選B項。18He stood on the roof for a while and then_down.Ajumping Bto jumpCjumped Dwas jumping答案C解析jumped和stood是并列謂語動詞，故選C項。19_such a chance，why dont you have a try?ATo BHavingCGiven DGiving答案C

22、解析句意為：給你了這么好的機會，你干嗎不試試？give和you之間存在著動賓關(guān)系，故選C項。20The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，_in the natural light during the day.Ato let BlettingClet Dhaving let答案B解析句意為：在入口處玻璃門已取代了木頭門，在白天能讓自然光進來?？瞻滋幵诰渲凶鳡钫Z，let與句子的主語之間是主謂關(guān)系，且動作是同時發(fā)生的，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。.判斷下列句子的正誤，若有錯誤，請予以糾正1Having b

23、een told many times，but he still couldnt understand. 去掉but2He is a League member，he takes the lead in everything. 在句首加As或在he前加so3.Money permits,I will travel around the whole globe. 在money前加If或permitspermitting4There being no buses，we had to take a taxi.5Being fine，we went to Mount Tai for a spring

24、outing.在句首加It或Weather6.The husband stood there dumbfounded（目瞪口呆）,his eyes fixing upon his wife. fixingfixed7The woodcutter was still cutting up wood，with masses of firewood in front of him.8.With the problem settling,I felt relaxed. settlingsettled9The elderly man was telling a fairy tale(神話故事)，with

25、 a lot of kids listening attentively.10In the east of Asia lies China，with its capital Beijing.閱讀理解AOscar­winning actor Morgan Freeman is in a hospital in Memphis，Tennessee，on Monday after being seriously injured in a car accident near his home in Mississippi.Medical Center spokeswoman Kathy St

26、ringer said Freeman,71，is seriously injured.The hospital is about 90 miles north of the accident scene.Mississippi Highway Patrol spokesman Sgt.Ben William said Freeman was driving a 1997 Nissan Maxima which belongs to Demaris Meyer of Memphis when the car left the highway and flipped(翻滾)several tim

27、es shortly before midnight Sunday.“They hadnt drunk alcohol or taken drugs，”William said.He said both Freeman and Meyer were wearing seat belts.It hasnt been told whether the woman was seriously injured or not.Freeman was sent to the hospital in Tennessee by air.Clay McFerrin，editor of the Sun Senti

28、nel in Charleston，said he arrived at the accident scene on Mississippi Highway 32 soon after it happened about 5 miles west of Charleston，not far from where Freeman owns a home with his wife.“They had to use tools to extract him from the vehicle，”McFerrin said.“He was conscious(神志清醒的)He was talking

29、and joking with some of the rescue workers.He also talked with the bystanders on the scene who tried to have a look at the actor.”Freeman won an Oscar for his role in Million Dollar Baby.He was born in Memphis，Tennessee，but spent much of his childhood in the Mississippi Delta.He is a co­owner o

30、f the Ground Zero Blues Club in Clarksdale.1Whats the best title for this passage?AActor Morgan Freeman breaks the traffic lawBActor Morgan Freeman is injured in a car accidentCActor Morgan Freeman gets luckyDActor Morgan Freeman is in trouble答案B解析主旨大意題。通讀全文，可知本文是關(guān)于演員Morgan Freeman在車禍中受傷的新聞報道，故選B作文章

31、的標(biāo)題最好。2Which of the following statements about Morgan Freeman is NOT true?AHe was born in the 1930s.BHe now lives in Tennessee.CHe has won an Oscar.DHe spent much of his childhood in Mississippi.答案B解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“.after being seriously injured in a car accident near his home in Mississippi.”可知Morgan

32、 Freeman現(xiàn)在住在密西西比州。3According to the passage，when the car accident happened，_.AMorgan Freeman was very drunkBMorgan Freeman was putting on a seat beltCit was almost midnightDMorgan Freemans wife was talking on the cellphone答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“.when the car left the highway and flipped(翻滾)several times

33、shortly before midnight Sunday.”可知車禍發(fā)生時就快凌晨十二點了。4What does the underlined word “extract” in the second last paragraph mean?AGo through. BPull out.CBring back. DLeave out.答案B解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“They had to use tools”的語境可知營救人員需要借助工具才能把Morgan Freeman從車?yán)锿铣鰜怼?We can learn from the passage that_.AMorgan Freeman of

34、ten drives after drinkingBMorgan Freemans wife was more seriously injured than himCMorgan Freeman didnt seem to worry about his injury very muchDthe bystanders helped take Morgan Freeman to hospital答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“He was talking and joking with some of the rescue workers.”可知Morgan Freeman還和前來營救他

35、的人員開玩笑，可知他看起來并不是很為自己的傷勢擔(dān)心。BYoung adult filmmakers all hope to show their works in international festivals like Sundance and Toronto.But what about really young filmmakers who arent in film school yet and arent，strictly speaking，even adults?They are at the heart of Wingspan Arts Kids Film Festival，to

36、morrow，in a setting any director might envy：Lincoln Center.Complete with “red carpet” interviews and various awards，the festival has much in common with events for more experienced moviemakers，except for the age of the participants：about 8 to 18.“Whats really exciting is that its film for kids by ki

37、ds，” said Cori Gardner，managing director of Wingspan Arts，a nonprofit organization offering youth arts programs in the New York area.This year the festival will include films not only from Wingspan but also from other city organizations and one from a middle school in Arlington，Virginia.“We want to

38、make this a national event，” Ms.Gardner added.The nine shorts to be shown range from a Claymation biography of BB.King to a science fiction adventure set in the year 3005.“A lot of the material is really mature，” Ms.Gardner said，talking about films by the New York City branch of Global Action Project，a media arts and leadership­training group.“The Choice is about the history of a family and Master Anti­Smoker is about the dangers of second­hand smoke.Dream of the Invisibles describes young immigrants