生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)之電子學(xué)基礎(chǔ)

1、12 1. electronic 電的（與電有關(guān)的） 2. engineering 工程，工程學(xué) 3. circuit 電路 4. common-base 共基極part 1: Basic Circuits3 5. common-emitter 共發(fā)射極 6. common-collector 共集電極 7. transistor 晶體管，三極管4 8. impedance 阻抗 9. ohm 歐姆 10. megohm 兆歐 11. voltage 電壓5 There are three basic ways of connecting transistors in a circuit: c

2、ommon-base, common-emitter, and common-collector. 6 In the common-bas connection, the signal is introduced in to the emitter-base circuit and extracted from the collector-base circuit. Because the input or emitter-base circuit has a low impedance in the order of 0.5 to 50 ohms, and the output or col

3、lector-base circuit has a high impedance in the order of 1000 ohms to one megohm, the voltage or power gain in this type of configuration may be in the order of 1500. 在共基極電路中，信號(hào)被引入到發(fā)射極基極電路和集電極基極電路提取。由于輸入或發(fā)射極基極電路具有低阻抗在0.5到50歐姆，和輸出或集電極基極電路具有高阻抗為1000歐姆到1兆歐，在這種類(lèi)型的結(jié)構(gòu)的電壓或功率增益可以達(dá)到1500。7 12. rectifier整流器 13

4、. diode 二極管 14. current 電流Part 2 : Basic rectifier circuits8 Since current can flow through a diode in one direction, a diode can be used as a rectifier to change alternating current into direct current. 9 15. cycle 周期 During one half of the a.c.cycle the rectifier conducts and current flows through

5、 the rectifier to the load. 10 16. pulsate 博動(dòng)，波動(dòng) 17. amplitude 幅度 The current always flows in the same direction but the flow of current is not continuous and is pulsating in amplitude. 11 18. frequency 頻率 The frequency of the output pulses is twice that of the half-wave rectifier. 12 19. in series

6、串聯(lián) 20. in parallel 并聯(lián) Another rectifier circuit is known as the full-wave bridge rectifier circuit. In this arrangement, two rectifiers operate in series on each half of the cycle. 13 21. pulse 波，脈沖 22. positive 正的 23. negative 負(fù)的 24. baseline 基線Part 3: The pulse14 The pulse is made up of a positive

7、 step and a negative step. (if the step is above the baseline, it is called a positive step, if it is below the baseline it is called negative.) 15 25. waveform波形 26. rectangular矩形的，直角的 27. sawtooth 鋸齒 Pulses waveforms used in electronic devices are: rectangular waveform, sawtooth waveform and so on

8、. 16 28. capacitance 電容值，容抗 29. electric 電的（靠電工作的） 30. condenser 電容器，電容 31. capacitor 電容器Part 4: Capacitance17 Electrical energy can be stored in an electric field. The device capable of doing this is called a capacitor or a condenser.18 32. metallic 金屬的 33. dielectric 電介質(zhì) A simple condenser consist

9、s of two metallic plates separated by a dielectric. 19 34. terminal 電極，終端，套管 35. accumulate 蓄電，儲(chǔ)電，積累 36. electron 電子20 A condenser is connected to a battery, the electrons will flow out of the negative terminal of the battery and accumulate on the condenser plate connected to that side. 21 37. poten

10、tial 電勢(shì) At the same time, the electrons will leave the plate connected to the positive terminal and flow into the battery to make the potential difference just the same as that of the battery. 22 38. charge 充電，電荷 39. discharge 放電 Thus the condenser is said to be charged. To discharge the condenser,

11、the external circuit of these two plates is completed by joining terminals together with a wire. 23 40. farad 法拉 41. volt 伏特 42. ampere安培 43. microfarad 微法24 It is measured in farads. When a changes of one volt per second across it caused the current of one ampere to flow, the condenser is said to h

12、ave the capacitance of one farad.25 44. gravitation 重力，引力，萬(wàn)有引力 45. mass 質(zhì)量 46. matter 物質(zhì)Part 5:Newtons law of universal gravitation26 Newtons Law of Universal Gravitation states that: Every portion of matter attracts or tends to approach every other portion of matter in the universe with a force pro

13、portional to the masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance. 27 47. resistance 電阻An ideal diode would have a forward resistance of zero and an infinite back resistance. Part 6: Forward resistance and Back resistance of the Diod28 48. cathode 負(fù)極 49. anode 正極 50. short circuit 短路2

14、9 51. open circuit 斷路 52. germanium 鍺 fall somewhat或多或少 eg：the price would be likely to fall somewhat，because producers labor costs will be lower。30 desirable characteristic 可取的特點(diǎn)eg：In genuine love， where the lover does not regard the beloved as his or her competitor，intelligence is ofen a desirable

15、 characteristic in the beloved。（充滿智慧在彼此相愛(ài)的人眼中是一個(gè)富有魅力的特點(diǎn)）53. crystal 晶體 Crystal diodes often have lower back resistance than the tube diodes. 31What are amps,watts and ohms? Electricity 電力、電流 neat簡(jiǎn)潔的 Analogy 類(lèi)比 Plumping垂直 Tank水槽 Pressurized加壓的 密封的 Hose軟管 32 diameter直徑semidiameter radius waterwheel水車(chē)，

16、水輪 grinding磨的，刺耳的 watermill水力磨粉機(jī) light bulb 電燈泡 substitute替代 rearrange重整，重排33 conductive傳導(dǎo)的 dramatically戲劇性的，引人注目的 motor發(fā)電機(jī) generator發(fā)電機(jī) 發(fā)生器 handle n把手、把柄vt觸摸、運(yùn)用、處理3435Part1: whats a virus fragment 碎片 片段 viral 濾過(guò)性病菌的 particle 粒子 burst 爆發(fā) infect 感染36 Computer viruses are called viruses because they s

17、hare some of the traits of biological viruses. A computer cirus passes from computer to computer like a biological virus passes from person to person.37 the analogy between computer and biological viruses stretches things a bit ,but there are enough similarities that the name stick 計(jì)算機(jī)病毒和生物病毒之間的類(lèi)比延伸

18、一點(diǎn)，但有足夠的相似性，這種相似性叫堅(jiān)持。38Part2: early cases:executable viruses word processor 文字處理器/程序 bulletin公告 embed 使嵌入 使插入 unsuspect 不懷疑 launch 發(fā)射 floppy disk軟盤(pán) upload上傳39 violently 暴力的 猛烈的 trigger 觸發(fā) activate 刺激 激活 eras 擦除40 Early viruses were pieces of code attached to a common program like a popular word proc

19、essor.41Part3: boot sector viruses boot sector viruses 引導(dǎo)扇區(qū)病毒 trick 花招 詭計(jì) boot sector 啟動(dòng)區(qū) tiny 微小的 compact disc（CD縮寫(xiě)）壓縮盤(pán)，光碟 shrinking habitat 收縮的棲息地 niche 壁龕 eliminate 消除 排除42 As virus creators got more sophisticated,they learned new tricks. One important trick was the ability to load viruses into m

20、emory so they could keep running in the background as long as the computer remained on. This gace viruses a much more effective way to replicate themselves. Another trick was 43Part4: e-mail viruses spectacular 驚人的 via 經(jīng)由 harmless 無(wú)害的 無(wú)惡意的 corrupting 使惡化 使腐爛 Trojan horse 特洛伊木馬 Visual Basic for Appli

21、cations (VBA)應(yīng)用程序語(yǔ)言 programmed adj 程序化的，按規(guī)劃的 v 規(guī)劃、制作 Macro virus protection 宏病毒保護(hù) default 系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)值 fuel 刺激 加燃料44 The latest thing in the world of computer viruses is the e-mail virus in March 1999 was spectacular. Melissa spread in Microsoft Word documents sent via e-mail, and it worked like this:45Par

22、t5: types of infection spreadsheet program 電子表格程序 wreak 發(fā)泄 havoc 破壞 worm 蠕蟲(chóng) piggyback 背負(fù) 在。背上 specific 特定的 明確的46Part6:origins origin 起源 psychology 心理學(xué) 心理狀態(tài) vandal 蓄意破壞者 arsonist 縱火犯 bust 使爆發(fā) spray-paint 噴漆47 blow up 爆發(fā) 擴(kuò)大 充氣 fascination 魅力 explosion 爆炸 爆發(fā) wreck 破壞 失事 gunpowder 火藥 involve 包含48 brag 吹

23、牛 everest 珠穆朗瑪峰 compell強(qiáng)迫 迫使 exploit 開(kāi)發(fā) 開(kāi)采 開(kāi)拓 harsh 嚴(yán)厲的 苛刻的49Part7 history rare 稀有的 Lock away 鎖起來(lái) Macintosh 蘋(píng)果公司生產(chǎn)的一種型號(hào)的計(jì)算機(jī) Dial up 撥號(hào) precursor 先驅(qū) wipe out 清除 Load off 卸載 卸貨 check out檢驗(yàn)Page 50What is a computer virus?What do viruses do to computers?Some general tips（秘訣、小竅門(mén)）（秘訣、小竅門(mén)） on avoiding viru

24、s infectionsHow do viruses spread?Page 51 What is a computer virus?nA computer virus is a program designed to spread itself by first infecting executable files or the system areas of hard and floppy disks and then making copies of itself.Page 52 How do viruses spread?n When you execute program code

25、thats infected by a virus,the virus code will also run and try to infect other programs,either on the same computer or on other computer connected to it over a network.n When you share a copy of an infected file with other computer users,running the file may also infect their computers.Page 53 What

26、do viruses do to computers?n Viruses are software programs,the actual effect of any particular virus depends on how it was programmed by the person who wrote the virus.（creator）n Some viruses are deliberately designed to damage files or otherwise interfere with your computers operation,while others

27、dont do anything but try to spread themselves around.Page 54 Some general tips on avoiding virus infection n Install anti-virus software from a well-known,reputable company,update it regularly,and use it regularly.n In addition to scanning for viruses on a regular basis ， configure scanner to start

28、automatically each time you boot your system.Page 55nViruses scan any new programs or other files that may contain executable code before you run or open them.nBe extremely careful about accepting programs or other files during on-line chat sessions.nDo regular backups備份備份.Page 56 Exercises:n If you

29、 want to avoid virus infections,you should install anti-virus software from a well-known,reputable company,update and use it regularly. n When you execute program code thats infected by a virus,the virus code will on the same computer or on other computers connected to it over a network.run and try to infect other programs 57The discovery of electron amidst 在。當(dāng)中 bold 大膽的 corpuscle 微粒 血球 speculation 推測(cè)