自考英語語法 Chapter 2

1、Sentence Types句子的分類nWhat are the four sentence types?qDeclaratives, interrogatives, imperatives, exclamativesn What are the four discourse functions of sentence?qStatement陳述, question 疑問, command 祈使, exclamation 感嘆nDeclaratives 陳述句qThey moved into the new house.qPeter doesnt like being called by his

2、 nickname.nInterrogatives 疑問句qHave you been to Britain?qWho are you waving to?nImperatives 祈使句qWatch out!qYou shut up!nExclamatives 感嘆句qHow stupid he was!qWhat a lovely house you have!Assertion vs. non-assertionn肯定句和非肯定句q肯定句是指肯定陳述句（positive statement）q非肯定句是指否定陳述句（negative statement）和疑問句（questions）n這

3、種分類對應(yīng)肯定詞和非肯定詞（p. 29 Table 2.1）n肯定詞用在肯定陳述句n非肯定詞用在否定句和疑問句n否定句也可以用否定詞代替not+非肯定詞nI have some news for you.nIs there any news for me?nI dont have any news for you.nI have no news for you.n疑問句有時也有用肯定詞，肯定句有時也會用非肯定詞，具體見（pp. 29-30）n否定范圍和否定轉(zhuǎn)移見（pp. 31-36）QuestionsnYES-NO questions 一般疑問句qDo you have some questi

4、ons?qIs there something interesting in todays paper?qDont you have any sense of humor? nWH-questions 特殊疑問句qWhat did he do last night?qWhere did he meet his sister last night?qWhy come so early?nAlternative questions 選擇疑問句qWould you like tea or coffee?nTag questions 附加疑問句（反義疑問句）qYou are listening, ar

5、ent you?qYou are not listening, are you?Commandsn祈使句q祈使句可以理解為省略掉主語you的陳述句q但有時主語也可以是第三人稱，這是主語不能省略，動詞還是用原形！Behave yourself.Wash yourself now.You be patient.You shut up.Somebody close the door.Boys come to the front.Exclamationsn感嘆句分WHAT感嘆句和HOW感嘆句兩種What a strange friend you have!What a good idea it is!

6、 What a long time hed been working!What bad weather it was!What strange friends he has!How foolish you are!How efficient a machine the computer is!How strange friends you have! （錯誤）How bad weather it was! （錯誤）本章句型轉(zhuǎn)換題型n加強 Reinforce/strengthen/intensifyq否定加強 reinforce the negationq祈使句加強 reinforce the

7、commandn把陳述句改成一般疑問句qTurning the following statement into a YES-NO questionn把肯定祈使句改成否定句祈使句qTurn the following statement into a negative imperative n添加附加疑問句qTurning the following statements into tag questions qAdding a suitable tag to the following statement qTurning the following imperatives into the

8、 tag question form n把句子改成感嘆句qTurn the following statement into an exclamation Reinforcing the negation 1.I dont like him.2.I wont trust you.3.I am not interested in economics.4.No one on the committee approved of my proposal.5.I have not known him tell a lie.6.None of my classmates likes linguistics

9、.7.You have no reason to quit.8.These goods are not satisfactory.These good are by no means satisfactory.9.I havent seen such a swarm of ants.Turning the following statement into a YES-NO question1.Hes always telling me that I dont plan for future.Is he always telling you that he doesnt plan for fut

10、ure.2.Bring me some paper, please.Will you bring me some paper?3.I have already finished the assignment the teacher gave us last week Have you finished the assignment the teacher gave you last week yet?Tag question1.Nothing could make me give it up. (2011.7.61)Nothing could make me give it up, could

11、 it?2.Bob rarely got drunk. (2010.4.62)Bob rarely got drunk, did he?3.Everyone is satisfied with the solution. (2000.4.57)Everyone is satisfied with the solution, isnt he/arent they?4.We all had a wonderful time at the party last night. (2003.4.57)We all had a wonderful time at the party last night,

12、 didnt we?5.Nobody showed any interest in his proposal. (2005.7.69)Nobody showed any interest in his proposal, did he/did they?nEverybody knows what he has to do. (2011.4.62)Everybody knows what he has to do, doses he/dont they?nThey must all have taken the wrong road. (2004.7.52)They must all have

13、taken the wrong road, mustnt they?nShe must have waited here for a long time. (2010.7.62)She must have waited here for a long time, mustnt she?nPut down all your things on the table. (2008.7.57)Put down all your things on the table, will you? / wont you?nDont let the children stay up too late on wee

14、kends. (2001.4.54)Dont let the children stay up too late on weekends, will you? nLets do it together. (2001.4.55)Lets do it together, shall we?nDont let the children eat a lot of sweets and ice creams. (2007.4.57)Dont let the children eat a lot of sweets and ice creams, will you?nDont do anything si

15、lly like that any more. (2006.7.57)Dont do anything silly like that any more, will you?nGive the students some examples of this. (2007.7.57)Give the students some examples of this, will you?nI dont suppose that he is serious. (2009.7.62)I dont suppose that he is serious, is he?Strengthening the forc

16、e of the following command nStop lying to me. (2011.7.62)You stop lying to me.Do stop lying to me.Turn the following statement into an exclamation nThese old men are very nice people. (2005.4.57)What nice people these old men are!nThey are working with great enthusiasm. (2005.4.58)With what great en

17、thusiasm they are working!nThey are running fast. (2004.7.53) How fast they are running!nIt is thoughtful of him to send flowers. (2006.7.58)How thoughtful he is to send flowers.nHes got a really cute baby brother. (2007.7.58)What a cute baby brother he has got.Turn the following statement into a negative imperative:nSomeone turn o