FMEA失效模式及后果分析6

1、FMEA 失效模式及后果分析OVERVIEW OF THE CHRYSLER/FORD/GM POTENTIAL FAILURE MODE AND EFFECTS ANALYSISREFERENCE MANUAL 克萊斯勒, 福特,通用的潛在失效模式及效果分析參考手冊概述1FMEA失效效模式及及后果分分析ADDITIONAL ASSISTANCE其他幫助助來源Chrysler克萊斯勒勒ProcurementandSupply(Supplier Development)采購和供供應(yīng)(供供應(yīng)商開開發(fā)).Ford福特CustomerDivisionSupplierTechnicalAssistanc

2、e(STA)客戶部供供應(yīng)商技技術(shù)支持持.GM通用ProcuringDivisionSupplierDevelopmentcontact采購部供供應(yīng)商開開發(fā)Forspecifictechnical questions,contacttheappropriateresponsibleengineer(workwithyour customer).如有特殊殊問題, 可以以與相應(yīng)應(yīng)的工程程師(與與你們顧顧客一起起工作的的)聯(lián)系系.2FMEA失效效模式及及后果分分析History歷史May1991-SupplierQuality RequirementsTask Force Supplier Advis

3、ory Councilidentifiedseveral tools thatwouldbenefitfrom standardization.在1991年5月,供供應(yīng)商商質(zhì)量要要求行動(dòng)動(dòng)小組供供應(yīng)商顧顧問委員員會(huì)明確確了幾種種工具, 并通通過標(biāo)準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)化使大大家受益益.SupplierQuality RequirementsTask Force assessed feasibility andselectedseveral projects forcommunization,includingFMEA.供應(yīng)商質(zhì)質(zhì)量要求求行動(dòng)小小組評估估了其可可行性并并選擇了了幾個(gè)項(xiàng)項(xiàng)目以便便溝通, 其中中包括F

4、MEA.FMEA WorkGroupcompleted ReferenceManualinDec.1992在1992年12月,FMEA工作小組組完成了了參考手手冊的編編寫.Early1993-FMEAReference Manualapproved在1993年年年初,FMEA參考手冊冊被認(rèn)可可.Mid1993-Trainingdeveloped1993年中期, 建立立了相關(guān)關(guān)培訓(xùn).Phasedinduring 3rdquarter 1993, accordingtoindividual customer requirements.根據(jù)個(gè)別別顧客要要求,在在1993年年第三季季度逐步步執(zhí)行.Fe

5、bruary1995 updatedand reissued1995年2月更更新并再再版.3FMEA失效效模式及及后果分分析PLEASENOTE請注意FMEA training offeredbyFord(FairlaneTraining& Development Center)isnot in conflict withand is in factcomplimentarytothis standardizedFMEA training/FMEA guideline.由福特(Fairlane培訓(xùn)和開開發(fā)中心心)提供供的FMEA培訓(xùn)與這這種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)化的FMEA培訓(xùn)/FMEA指導(dǎo)并不不矛盾, 實(shí)際

6、際上是一一種有益益的補(bǔ)充充.4FMEA失效效模式及及后果分分析Objectives目的Attendance at thisoverviewcourse shouldenableparticipants to :參加這個(gè)個(gè)概述課課程,將將會(huì)使使與會(huì)者者學(xué)會(huì):DescribehowtoprepareFMEAsusingtheReference Manual.運(yùn)用參考考手冊, 描述述怎樣去去準(zhǔn)備FMEAs.Understand theformatofthe ReferenceManual.了解參考考手冊的的格式.Know where to go to receiveadditionalassista

7、nce.知道到哪哪里可以以得到額額外的支支持.5DFMEA設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)失效效模式及及后果分分析DESIGNPOTENTIAL FMEA潛在的設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)失效效模式及及效果分分析Analytical techniqueandsystemizedgroupofactivities.分析技術(shù)術(shù)和系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)化的小小組活動(dòng)動(dòng).UtilizedprimarilybyDesign Responsible Engineer/Team它主要被被具有設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)責(zé)任任的工程程師/小小組會(huì)所所運(yùn)用.6DFMEA設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)失效效模式及及后果分分析DESIGNPOTENTIAL FMEABENEFITS潛在的設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)失效效模式及及后果分分析的益益

8、處:Helpsassurepotential failuremodesand their effectshavebeen addressed.可幫助確確認(rèn)潛在在失效模模式和它它們的影影響后果果.Identifies associatedcauses/mechanisms可識(shí)別相相關(guān)的起起因/機(jī)機(jī)理Identifies actionstoreduce or eliminatethechance of thefailure occurring.可標(biāo)識(shí)出出降低或或消除失失效出現(xiàn)現(xiàn)機(jī)會(huì)的的措施.Aids in objectiveevaluation of designrequirementsand a

9、lternatives.有助于在在設(shè)計(jì)要要求和選選擇中的的目標(biāo)評評估.Aids in initialdesign formanufacturing andassemblyrequirements.有助于在在初始設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)過程程中滿足足制造和和裝配的的要求.Increaseprobabilitythat failuremodesand effectshavebeen consideredduringdesign phase.在設(shè)計(jì)階階段可增加考考慮到失失效模式式及其影影響后果果的機(jī)率率.Aids in designtest anddevelopmentprograms有助于實(shí)實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)和項(xiàng)目目開發(fā).

10、(TOBECONTINUED待續(xù))7DFMEA設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)失效效模式及及后果分分析DESIGNPOTENTIAL FMEABENEFITS(CONTINUED)潛在的設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)失效效模式及及效果分分析的益益處:(接續(xù))Failuresassessedfrom customerspointofview.從顧客觀觀點(diǎn)角度度去評估估失效.Allowstrackingand documenting risk-reducingactions可對降低低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)措措施進(jìn)行行追蹤和和文件記記錄.Excellentreference forfutureanalysisand designs對于將來來的分析析和設(shè)計(jì)計(jì),是是非常

11、好好的參考考.Documentsthe DesignFMEA process.使DFMEA過程文件件化.8PFMEA過過程失效效模式及及后果分分析Process PotentialFMEA過程潛在在失效模模式及效效果分析析Analytical techniqueandsystemizedgroupofactivities.分析技術(shù)術(shù)和有組組織的小小組活動(dòng)動(dòng).UtilizedprimarilybyaManufacturing Responsible Engineer/Team它主要被被具有制制造責(zé)任任的工程程師/小小組會(huì)所所運(yùn)用9PFMEA過過程失效效模式及及后果分分析Process Poten

12、tialFMEA Benefits過程潛在在失效模模式及效效果分析析的益處處Helpsassureproduct-related processfailuremodesandtheireffectshave beenaddressed.可幫助確確認(rèn)與生生產(chǎn)相關(guān)關(guān)的過程程失效模模式和它它們的影影響效果果所在的的位置Identifies associatedcauses/mechanisms.可識(shí)別相相關(guān)聯(lián)的的起因/機(jī)理Identifies actionstoreduce or eliminatethechance of thefailure occurring.可標(biāo)識(shí)出出降低或或消除失失效出現(xiàn)現(xiàn)

13、機(jī)會(huì)的的措施.Identifypotentialmanufacturingorassemblyprocess causesoffailure.可鑒別在在制造或或裝配過過程中失失效的潛潛在起因因Identifyprocess variablesthat,ifcontrolled,canreduce occurrenceorimprovedetectionoffailureconditions.可鑒別過過程變量量,如如果此變變量受控控,可可以降低低出現(xiàn)頻頻率或提提高失效效條件的的發(fā)現(xiàn)度度.Helpsprioritize correctiveactions有助于糾糾正措施施的優(yōu)化化排序.Excell

14、entin-processreference.在過程方方面是非非常優(yōu)秀秀的參考考.Documentsthe ProcessFMEAprocess.使PFMEA過程文件件化.10FMEA失效效模式及及后果分分析CUSTOMER顧客Forpurposesofpreparing FMEAs,thedefinitionof“customer” includes:對于準(zhǔn)備備FMEAs的目的來來講,“顧客客”的定定義包括括:Theend user最終用戶戶Designresponsibleengineers/teams of vehicleand higherlevelassemblies.車型設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)和更

15、高高一級裝配過程設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)的工程程師們/設(shè)計(jì)小小組Process responsible engineers/teamsinactivities suchas在如下活活動(dòng)中, 負(fù)有有過程責(zé)責(zé)任的工工程師們們/小組組Manufacturing生產(chǎn)Assembly裝配Service售后服務(wù)務(wù)Subsequent downstreammanufacturing,assembly, or serviceoperation.下一道生生產(chǎn),裝裝配工序序,或服服務(wù).11FMEA失效效模式及及后果分分析OtherDefinitionsinGlossary(Appendix)其他的術(shù)術(shù)語(附附錄)DesignInt

16、ent設(shè)計(jì)目的的DesignofExperiments(DOE)實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)DesignValidation/Verification(DV)設(shè)計(jì)驗(yàn)證證/審核核Process Change過程更改改Pareto帕雷托圖圖QFD質(zhì)量功能能分解Control plan控制計(jì)劃劃Process過程Special ProductCharacteristic產(chǎn)品特殊殊特性Designlife設(shè)計(jì)壽命命12FMEA失效效模式及及后果分分析Whoshould preparethe FMEA?誰來做FMEA?“theresponsibleengineerisexpectedtodirectlyand activ

17、ely involverepresentatives fromall affected areas.”“ 希望望負(fù)有責(zé)責(zé)任的工工程師能能夠直接接地,主主動(dòng)地聯(lián)聯(lián)系所有有相關(guān)部部門的代代表.”Team Effort團(tuán)隊(duì)的努努力Product Design產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)Reliability可靠性Assembly裝配Purchasing采購Manufacturing生產(chǎn)Testing測試Materials材料Service售后服務(wù)務(wù)Quality質(zhì)量Suppliers供應(yīng)商Sales銷售LegalDepartment法律部門門Designarearesponsiblefornextassembly下一

18、級裝裝配的設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)責(zé)任任部門.Othersasappropriate其他視情情況.13DFMEA設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)失效效模式及及后果分分析Sources of Information資料來源源Team brainstorming小組的集集思廣義義Designand Engineering Specifications設(shè)計(jì)和工工程規(guī)范范Manufacturing/Processspecifications制造/過過程規(guī)范范Control Plans控制計(jì)劃劃WarrantyData保修記錄錄ReliabilityData可靠性數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)RecallData召回記錄錄Quality Function Deploym

19、entstudies質(zhì)量功能能配置研研究Quality Surveys質(zhì)量審查查Test Reports檢測報(bào)告告TeardownReports破壞性報(bào)報(bào)告.OtherFMEAs其他的FMEAsetc.等14DFMEA設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)失效效模式及及后果分分析When?什么時(shí)間間?DesignFMEAshouldbeinitiated beforeoratdesignconceptfinalizationDFMEA應(yīng)在概念念設(shè)計(jì)完完成之前前開始.Process FMEAshould be initiatedbeforeoratthe feasibility stage,priortotooling for

20、productionPFMEA應(yīng)在可行行性研究究階段時(shí)時(shí)或之前前,在在生產(chǎn)工工裝開發(fā)發(fā)之前開開始.FMEAsare“l(fā)ivingdocuments”FMEAs是動(dòng)態(tài)文文件.FMEAsshouldbecontinuallyupdatedaschanges occur andnewinformationisobtained.只要出現(xiàn)現(xiàn)更改和和蕕得新新的信息息,FMEAs文件就得得更新.( To be continued待續(xù))15FMEA失效效模式及及后果分分析When?( Continued)什么時(shí)間間?(接接續(xù))FMEAsshouldbeperformed beforefailure modes

21、 areunknowinglydesignedin確保FMEAs工作在一一些失效效模式被被無意地地包括在在設(shè)計(jì)中中之前完完成.Upfront timecan alleviatelate-changecrises.早期開展展可以避避免后期期更改.Properlyapplied,FMEA is an interactive,never-endingprocess.適當(dāng)?shù)倪\(yùn)運(yùn)用,FMEA是一個(gè)相相互作用用的,永永不終終止的過過程.16DFMEA設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)失效效模式及及后果分分析Developmentofa DesignFMEA設(shè)計(jì)FEMA的開發(fā)Assembleteam成立小組組AssignRespons

22、ibilities分配責(zé)任任Leader組長Data-Gathering采集數(shù)據(jù)據(jù)Recorder記錄員17DFMEA設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)失效效模式及及后果分分析Prepare Block Diagram制作框圖圖Helpswith understandingfunction幫助對功功能的了了解Helpswith understandingscope幫助對范范圍的了了解ShouldbeincludedwithFMEA documents應(yīng)當(dāng)包括括在FEMA文件中BeginFMEAFEMA開始18DFMEA設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)失效效模式及及后果分分析PLEASEREFERTOTHE SAMPLEFMEA ON PAGE8O

23、FTHEPOTENTIAL FAILUREMODEANDEFFECTSANALYSISREFERENCEMANUAL請參閱潛潛在失效效模式及后后果分析析參考手手冊中第八頁的的FEMA示例19DFMEA設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)失效效模式及及后果分分析FMEA REFERENCEMANUALFEMA參考手冊冊(1)FMEA NumberFMEA編號(hào)(2)Systems,Subsystem,orComponentNameandNumber系統(tǒng)、子子系統(tǒng)或或零部件件的名稱稱、編號(hào)號(hào)(3)Design Responsibility設(shè)計(jì)責(zé)任任OEM整車廠Department/Group部門/小小組Supplier(ifkn

24、own)供應(yīng)商(如果知知道)20DFMEA設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)失效效模式及及后果分分析(4)Preparedby編制者(5)Modelyear(s)/Vehicle(s)年型/車車型(6)Key Data關(guān)鍵日期期Initial FMEAdue date初始FMEA完成日期期Shouldnot exceedscheduleddesign releasedate不應(yīng)超過過計(jì)劃的的生產(chǎn)設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)發(fā)布布的日期期(7)Date日期21DFMEA設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)失效效模式及及后果分分析FMEA REFERENCEMANUALFMEA參考手冊冊(8)CoreTeam核心小組組allindividualsinvolved所有參與與的個(gè)

25、人人include adistribution listwithaddress/phone #s包括一張張記錄參參加人員員 地址址/電話話的分發(fā)發(fā)表(9)Item/Function項(xiàng)目/功功能Entername/number填入名稱稱/號(hào)碼碼Enterallfunctions填入所有有的功能能Considerfunctionsfor allpart features oneata time一次性考考慮到所所有零件件的特點(diǎn)點(diǎn)功能22DFMEA設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)失效效模式及及后果分分析(10) PotentialFailure Mode潛在失效效模式“the mannerinwhicha component,

26、subsystem,orsystemcouldpotentiallyfailtomeet thedesignintent.”“零部件，子系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)或系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)有可能能未達(dá)到到設(shè)計(jì)意意圖的形形式“。Usephysicalterms,not symptoms noticedbycustomer.應(yīng)用規(guī)范范化的術(shù)術(shù)語，而而不同于于顧客所所見的現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象。Reviewvariouspiecesofdocumentationforideas運(yùn)用各種種方法評評審不同同的文件件Brainstorm腦力激蕩蕩23DFMEA設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)失效效模式及及后果分分析FMEA REFERENCEMANUALFMEA參考手冊冊(11)Po

27、tentialEffect(s)ofFailure潛在失效效后果Effectonfunction對系統(tǒng)功功能的影影響Asperceivedbycustomer如顧客感感受的一一樣24DFMEA設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)失效效模式及及后果分分析(12)Severity(S)Theseriousnessofthe effectofthepotential failuremode.A reductioninSeverityRanking canonly occur as aresult of adesign change.SuggestedEvaluationCriteria:Effectcriteria:Severi

28、tyofEffectRankingHazardousVeryhigh severity rankingwhena potentialfailure modeaffectssafe vehicleoperation and/orinvolveswithout warning:noncompliancewith governmentregulationwithout warning.10HazardouswithVeryhighseverityranking whenapotentialfailuremode affectssafevehicle operationand/orinvolveswa

29、rning:noncompliancewith governmentregulationwith warning.9.Etc.Pleaserefertopage13oftheFMEAManual25DFMEA設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)失效效模式及及后果分分析(12)嚴(yán)重度度(S)潛在失效效模式影影響后果果的嚴(yán)重重程度。要減少失失效的嚴(yán)嚴(yán)重度級級別數(shù)值值，只能能通過修修改設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)來實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)。推薦的評評價(jià)準(zhǔn)則則：(請參考考FMEA手冊中第第13頁頁)Effectcriteria:SeverityofEffectRankingHazardousVeryhigh severity rankingwhena potential

30、failure modeaffectssafe vehicleoperation and/orinvolveswithout warning:noncompliancewith governmentregulationwithout warning.10HazardouswithVeryhighseverityranking whenapotentialfailuremode affectssafevehicle operationand/orinvolveswarning:noncompliancewith governmentregulationwith warning.9.Etc.26D

31、FMEA設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)失效效模式及及后果分分析SuggestedEvaluationCriteria推薦的評評價(jià)準(zhǔn)則則This is thesuggestedcriteria這是推薦薦的準(zhǔn)則則Theteamshouldagreeonanevaluationcriteriaandrankingsystem, which is consistent, evenifmodifiedfor individualproductanalysis設(shè)計(jì)小組組對評定定準(zhǔn)則和和分級規(guī)規(guī)則應(yīng)意意見一致致，即使使因?yàn)閭€(gè)個(gè)別產(chǎn)品品分析作作了修改改也應(yīng)一一致。have yourcustomersconcurrence取得顧客客的

32、同意意include therevised criteria in yourdocumentation在文件中中包括已已修改的的準(zhǔn)則beconsistent throughoutthe analysis在分析中中保持一一致性27DFMEA設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)失效效模式及及后果分分析(13)Classification分級Used to classify anyspecial productcharacteristicfor component,subsystem or systemcharacteristicsthatmayrequireadditional processcontrols.可用于對對零件、

33、子系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)或系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)品品特性分分級，它它們可能能還需要要附加的的過程控控制。Safetyand/or Government-Regulated Characteristics安全性和和/或政政府法規(guī)規(guī)特性SafetyItem安全條款款CriticalCharacteristic關(guān)鍵特性性Safety/Compliance安全/符符合KeyProductCharacteristic關(guān)鍵產(chǎn)品品特性28DFMEA設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)失效效模式及及后果分分析ImportantPerformance, Fit,orAppearanceCharacteristics重要性能能，安裝裝或外觀觀特性CriticalChar

34、acteristic關(guān)鍵特性性CriticalVerification關(guān)鍵確認(rèn)認(rèn)SignificantCharacteristic重要特性性Fit/FunctionKey ProductCharacteristic配合/功功能關(guān)鍵鍵產(chǎn)品特特性Useyourcustomers methods應(yīng)用顧客客的方法法29DFMEA設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)失效效模式及及后果分分析(14)PotentialCauses/Mechanism(s)ofFailure潛在失效效的起因因/機(jī)理理Indication of adesign weakness設(shè)計(jì)薄弱弱部分的的跡象Consequenceisfailure mode結(jié)果就是

35、是失效模模式List every conceivable cause/mechanismoffailure列出每個(gè)個(gè)可以想想到的失失效起因因/機(jī)理理30DFMEA設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)失效效模式及及后果分分析(15) Occurrence(O)Thelikelihoodthat aspecificcause/mechanism of failurewilloccurCanonlybereduced by adesign changethat removesorcontrosa cause/mechanismoffailureSuggestedEvaluationCriteria:ProbabilityofFa

36、ilurePossibleFailure RatesRankingVery high: Failureisalmost inevitable1in2101 in 39High:Repeatedfailures1 in 881 in 207Moderate:Occasionalfailures1in8061 in 40051 in 2,0004Low: Relativelyfew failures1 in 15,00031 in 150,0002Remote: Failureisunlikely1 in 1,500,0001Pleaserefertopage17oftheFMEAMANUAL31

37、DFMEA設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)失效效模式及及后果分分析(15) 頻度度 (O)指某一特特定失效效起因或或機(jī)理出出現(xiàn)的可可能性。通過設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)更改來來消除或或控制一一個(gè)或更更多的失失效起因因或機(jī)理理是降低低頻度數(shù)數(shù)的唯一一途徑。推薦的評評價(jià)準(zhǔn)則則：(請參考考FMEA手冊的第第17頁頁)ProbabilityofFailurePossibleFailure RatesRankingVery high: Failureisalmost inevitable1in2101 in 39High:Repeatedfailures1 in 881 in 207Moderate:Occasionalfailures1in806

38、1 in 40051 in 2,0004Low: Relativelyfew failures1 in 15,00031 in 150,0002Remote: Failureisunlikely1 in 1,500,000132DFMEA設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)失效效模式及及后果分分析(16)CurrentDesignControl現(xiàn)行設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)控制Validation/Verificationactivities which willassure adequacy of design設(shè)計(jì)確認(rèn)認(rèn)/驗(yàn)證證將保證證該設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)的結(jié)果果是恰當(dāng)當(dāng)?shù)腎nitial occurrenceand detectionrankingsa

39、rebasedonthesecurrentcontrols最初的頻頻度或不不易探測測度數(shù)取取決于現(xiàn)現(xiàn)行的控控制方法法“Current”isbasedonsameorsimilar designs“現(xiàn)行”取取決于相相同或相相似的設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)Remember:theseare tests performedbeforepart is released forproduction切記：這這些試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)是在零零件被批批準(zhǔn)生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)之前進(jìn)進(jìn)行的33DFMEA設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)失效效模式及及后果分分析TherearethreetypesofDesign Controls/Features to consider;thosethat

40、:有三種設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)控制制方法可可考慮，它們是是：1)Prevent thecause/mechanismorfailuremode/effectfrom occurring,orreduce their rateofoccurrence防止起因因/機(jī)理理或失效效模式/后果的的出現(xiàn)，或減少少它們出出現(xiàn)率2)Detectthe cause/mechanismandleadtocorrective actions查出起因因/機(jī)理理并導(dǎo)致致找到糾糾正措施施3)Detectthe failuremode查明失效效模式34DFMEA設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)失效效模式及及后果分分析(17)Detection(D)Ability

41、of aCurrentDesignControltoidentifya potentialcauseSuggestedEvaluationCriteria:DetectionCriteria: likelihoodofDetection by DesignControlRankingAbsoluteDesignControlwill notand/orcan notdetectapotentialcause/10Uncertaintymechanism andsubsequent failuremode;orthereisnoDesignControl.etc Pleaserefertopag

42、e19oftheFMEAMANUAL.35DFMEA設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)失效效模式及及后果分分析(17) 不易易探測度度(D)用現(xiàn)行設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)控制制方法來來探測潛潛在失效效原因能能力的評評價(jià)指標(biāo)標(biāo)推薦的評評價(jià)準(zhǔn)則則：(請參考考FMEA手冊的第第19頁頁)DetectionCriteria: likelihoodofDetection by DesignControlRankingAbsoluteDesignControlwill notand/orcan notdetectapotentialcause/10Uncertaintymechanism andsubsequent failuremode;orthe

43、reisnoDesignControl.etc 36DFMEA設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)失效效模式及及后果分分析(18)Risk Priority Number(RPN)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)順序序數(shù)(RPN)RPN=S *O* D風(fēng)險(xiǎn)順序序數(shù)是嚴(yán)嚴(yán)重度數(shù)數(shù)(S),頻度數(shù)(O),和不易探探測度數(shù)數(shù)(D)的乘積Used as aguidetohelprank processconcerns用來對過過程中所所擔(dān)心的的事項(xiàng)排排序Golf score concept(Lower is better)就象高爾爾比賽得得分那樣樣,數(shù)值值越小越越好Thereareno“threshold”values沒有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)分值Special attenti

44、onshouldbegivenwhenseverityishigh (asdefined by theteam,includingthe Customer)由可行性性小組(包括顧顧客)所所定義的的嚴(yán)重度度高時(shí)要要給予特特別關(guān)注注37DFMEA設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)失效效模式及及后果分分析(18) 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)險(xiǎn)順序數(shù)數(shù)(RPN)Likethechart,sorttheRPN, andtake correctiveactionstoreducethehigherones;就象圖表表所示,先排列列出所有有的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)險(xiǎn)順序值值,然后后優(yōu)先解解決高分分值問題題38DFMEA設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)失效效模式及及后果分分析(19)Recommend

45、edAction(s)建議措施施Intentistoreduce Severity,Occurrence,and/orDetection rankings目的是為為了減少少嚴(yán)重度度，出現(xiàn)現(xiàn)頻次，和/或或不易探探測度Examples例如DOE試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)Revised TestPlan修改試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)計(jì)劃Revised Design修改設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)Revised Material Specification修改材料料性能要要求39DFMEA設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)失效效模式及及后果分分析(20) Responsibility/TargetDate責(zé)任/目目標(biāo)日期期(21) ActionsTaken采取的措措施(22) Resu

46、ltingRPN糾正后的的RPN40PFMEA過過程失效效模式及及后果分分析Developmentofa ProcessFMEA過程FMEA的開發(fā)AssembleTeam成立小組組AssignResponsibilities職責(zé)分配配leader組長data-gathering數(shù)據(jù)收集集recorder記錄員Process flowdiagramisvaluableatthis point在這個(gè)時(shí)時(shí)候,過過程流流程圖是是非常有有用的.BeginFMEA開始FMEA工作41PFMEA過過程失效效模式及及后果分分析HeaderInformation前面的信信息Items(1)through(8)從

47、(1)至(8)項(xiàng)EssentiallythesameasDesignFMEA內(nèi)容基本本上與DFMEA一樣.42PFMEA過過程失效效模式及及后果分分析(9)Process Function/Requirements過程功能能/要求求Enterdescriptionandpurpose輸入功能能描述和和目的.Beasconcise as possible盡可能簡簡要.(10) PotentialFailure Mode潛在失效效模式“the mannerinwhichtheprocesscouldpotentiallyfail to meetthe processrequirements and

48、/ordesignintent.”“是指過程程可能發(fā)發(fā)生的不不滿足過過程要求求和/或或設(shè)計(jì)意意圖的形形式.A description of non-conformance是對不符符合的一一個(gè)描述述.Assumeincomingpartsare correct假定提供供的部件件都是合合格的.Remembertoconsidersubsequent operations.記得要考考慮下道道工序.43PFMEA過過程失效效模式及及后果分分析(11)PotentialEffect(s) of Failure潛在失效效后果Effectoffailuremode based on whatcustomer

49、mightnotice/experience失效模式式后果是是依據(jù)顧顧客可能能注意到到的或所所經(jīng)歷的的.Includessubsequent processoperations應(yīng)包括下下道工序序操作.(12) Severity嚴(yán)重度Theseriousnessoftheeffectofthepotential failuremode是指潛在在失效模模式后果果的嚴(yán)重重程度.SuggestedEvaluationCriteria(PleaserefertoPage35oftheFMEAMANUAL.)推薦的評評價(jià)準(zhǔn)則則.(請參考考FMEA手冊)Similar to DesignFMEA,butal

50、soconsidersoperations/subsequent processoperations.與DFMEA一樣,但但應(yīng)考考慮操作作或下道道工序操操作.44PFMEA過過程失效效模式及及后果分分析(13)Classification分級Similar to DesignFMEA與DFMEA一樣.Ifclassificationismade,notifyresponsibledesign engineer.如果確定定了某一一分級, 應(yīng)通通知設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)主管工工程師.Ifclassificationismade,must be addressedintheProcessControl Plan.如

51、果確定定了某一一分級, 它一一定要包包括在過過程控制制計(jì)劃中中.(14) PotentialCause(s)/Mechanism(s)ofFailure潛在失效效起因/機(jī)理“how thefailure could occur.”“失效是怎怎樣發(fā)生生的.”Describedintermsofsomething thatcan be corrected/controlled應(yīng)用術(shù)語語來形容容那些可可糾正或或控制的的機(jī)理或或起因Requiresdetermination ofRoot Cause要求要決決定根本本起因.45PFMEA過過程失效效模式及及后果分分析(15)Occurrence頻度(O

52、)Ifavailable, statistical datashould be used如果必要要,可可應(yīng)用數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)計(jì).SuggestedEvaluationCriteria:推薦評價(jià)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn).PleaserefertoPage39oftheFMEAMANUAL.請參考FMEA手冊第39頁46PFMEA過過程失效效模式及及后果分分析(16) CurrentProcessControls現(xiàn)行過程程控制TherearethreetypesofProcessControls/featurestoconsider;thosethat:可以考慮慮三種過過程控制制方法/特點(diǎn), 即:Prevent theca