2023年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)試題（新高考專用）閱讀理解01主旨要義Word版含解析

閱讀理解解密01主旨要義（分層訓(xùn)練）分層練A分層練A1.【遼寧省葫蘆島市協(xié)作校2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期第二次考試】BDouglasSmith,ngardenerfromHertfordshire.theU.K.,recentlysetanewGuinnessWorldRecordforthemosttomatoesgrownonasinglestem(莖),1,269.Upuntillastsummer,therecordforthemosttomatoesgrownonasinglestemhadstoodunchallengedforoveradecade.ThenEnglishfarmerDouglasSmithsethissightonbreakingit,thinkingthathecouldgrowmorethan488fruitsonssinglestem.Heprovedthatlastyear,whenhemanagedtobreaktheoldrecordbygrowing839tomatoesonagreenhouse-grownplant.Itwasquiteanachievement,buthewasonlygettingstarted,asonlyafewweekslaterDouglasSmithbrokehisownrecordbygrowingnolessthan1,269tomatoesonasinglestem.IsDouglasSmithagardeningaddict?Hespendsuptofourhoursadayinhisbackgardentendinghisplants,andhasbeenworkinghardonbecomingthebestpossiblegardenertheworldhaseverseen.Tomaximizehischancesofsettinganewworldrecord,hereadvariousscientificpapersandeventooksoilsamplestobetestedinalaboratory.Andintheend,theyallpaidoff.“Iamoverthemoon,”Douglassaid.“Thisyearwasonlymeanttobeanexperimentalyeartoseewhichvarietieswouldproducethemostfruitsandwehadtofightwithearlyblight(疫病),whichputpaidtoanumberofothertomatoplants.I’mamazedbyhowmanytomatoeswereontheplantintheend.”Growing1,269tomatoesonasinglestemisonlyDouglasSmith’slatestachievement.In2020,hegrewa20-foot-tallsunflower,andalsosetanewnationalrecordfortheheaviesttomato,witha3.106kgtomato.Helikestorunlittleexperimentsonothervegetablesandcrops,andheiscurrentlyexperimentingonpeas,auberginesandpotatoes.1．WhatcanweknowaboutDouglasSmithfromparagraph2?A．Hebroketheoldrecordtwice.B．Hehadplantedthebesttomatoes.C．Hethoughtbreakingtherecordwaseasy.D．Hehadworkedtobreaktherecordforadecade.2．WhichofthefollowingcandescribeDouglasSmithbest?A．Strictandtolerant.B．AttractiveandbraveC．Patientandhard-working.D．Friendlyandhumorous.3．WhatmaybeachallengeforDouglasSmithtobreaktheoldrecord?A．Alackofmoney.B．Skillshortages.C．Buildingalaboratory.D．Dealingwiththeblight.4．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Therecord’ssignificance.B．DouglasSmith’snextplan.C．Thedetailsabouttheheaviesttomato.D．MoreinformationaboutDouglasSmith’splanting.【答案】1．A

2．C

3．D

4．D【文章大意】這是一篇記敘文。講述了打破吉尼斯世界紀(jì)錄的DouglasSmith種植番茄和其他植物的故事。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Itwasquiteanachievement,buthewasonlygettingstarted,asonlyafewweekslaterDouglasSmithbrokehisownrecordbygrowingnolessthan1,269tomatoesonasinglestem.Heprovedthatlastyear,whenhemanagedtobreaktheoldrecordbygrowing839tomatoesonagreenhouse-grownplant.（去年他就證明了這一點(diǎn)，他在溫室里種了839個(gè)西紅柿，打破了以前的紀(jì)錄。這是一項(xiàng)相當(dāng)大的成就，但他才剛剛開始，因?yàn)閮H僅幾周后，DouglasSmith就打破了自己的紀(jì)錄，在一根莖上種出了超過1269個(gè)西紅柿。）”可知，DouglasSmith兩次打破原先的世界記錄。故選A項(xiàng)。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段二三句“Hespendsuptofourhoursadayinhisbackgardentendinghisplants,andhasbeenworkinghardonbecomingthebestpossiblegardenertheworldhaseverseen.Tomaximizehischancesofsettinganewworldrecord,hereadvariousscientificpapersandeventooksoilsamplestobetestedinalaboratory.（他每天在后花園里花四個(gè)小時(shí)打理植物，并一直在努力成為世界上有史以來最好的園丁。最大限度地提高他創(chuàng)造新世界紀(jì)錄的機(jī)會(huì)，他閱讀了各種科學(xué)論文，甚至取了土壤樣本在實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行測試。）”可知，愿意花數(shù)個(gè)小時(shí)打理植物，并努力閱讀相關(guān)論文的DouglasSmith是一個(gè)很有耐心很勤奮的人。故選C項(xiàng)。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段他說的話“Thisyearwasonlymeanttobeanexperimentalyeartoseewhichvarietieswouldproducethemostfruitsandwehadtofightwithearlyblight(疫病),whichputpaidtoanumberofothertomatoplants.（今年只是一個(gè)試驗(yàn)性的一年，看看哪些品種會(huì)結(jié)出最多的果實(shí)，我們必須與早期疫病作斗爭，這毀掉了許多其他番茄苗。）”可知，導(dǎo)致很多番茄苗被毀掉的疫病是他面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。故選D項(xiàng)。4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Helikestorunlittleexperimentsonothervegetablesandcrops,andheiscurrentlyexperimentingonpeas,auberginesandpotatoes.（他喜歡在其他蔬菜和作物上做一些小實(shí)驗(yàn)，目前他正在豌豆、茄子和土豆上做實(shí)驗(yàn)。）”，可知這一段談及番茄之外其他的一些植物種植情況。故選D項(xiàng)。2.【湖北省宜城一中、棗陽一中等六校2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中】BJustastheshinybrochurepromised,fromthemomentIsetfootontheHarvardcampuslastfall,Iwasexposedtoanexcitingandenlighteningnewworld.Iwasbornandraised1,500milesaway,inasmallapartmentinJackson,Mississippi.Iamtheonlychild,somymotheroverpoweredmewithherlove.Forsomeonewhoseessomuchbeautyintheworld,sheworkedawfullyhardtoprotectmefromit.Television,rapmusic,andevenbasketballwiththekidsontheblockwasbeyondconsideration.Itleftmeabitbitterasateenager,butIgrewtoappreciateherenormoussacrifices(犧牲)—walkingmetothelibraryeveryafternoon,laboringatmultiplejobstokeepfoodonthetable,andtellingmestorieslateintothenight.WhenIannouncedthesummerbeforemysenioryearofhighschoolthatIhaddecidedtoapplytoHarvard,Inoticedherhesitantlookbeforeawarmsmileenvelopedherface.Ipretendednottosee,butIwasneverabletoforgetit.Itriedtoexplainmyreasonsforwantingtoleave-toproveIwassmartenough,fearoftakingthepathofleastresistance,theclassicteenagefeelingofbeingtrapped—butthewordsjustmademesoundshallowandungrateful.Nevertheless,Ibegantoworkonthecollegeapplications-anearlyoneforHarvardandroughlyadozenothersstandingby.IknewthechanceofgettingintoHarvardwasnotinmyfavor.Tomyjoy,IwasinformedofmyacceptanceintoHarvardthreedaysbeforemybirthday.Thatnight,afterallofthecelebratorytextsandhugs,Isatinmyroomandbegantocryuncontrollably.Overthecourseofthisyear,IhavechangedinwaysIneveranticipated.IthinkIknownowwhymymotherletmego.Harvardhasforcedmetogrowandtakeafairlookattheworld,andatmyself.Needlesstosay,Iwouldnottradetheexperienceforanything.1．TheunderlinedwordinParagraph2mostprobablymeans________.A．madeadifferencetoB．madepeacewith2．Whatwasthemother’sfirstresponsetotheauthor’sdecision?A．Shewasworriedaboutit.B．Shelaughedatit.C．Sheapprovedofitimmediately.D．Sheturnedadeafeartoit.3．WhatdidtheauthorsayabouthisadmissiontoHarvard?A．Itdeservedabigcelebration.B．Itservedasalatebirthdaypresent.C．Itwasbeyondhisexpectations.D．Itwasafavorheowedhismother.4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．LifelongLearninginHarvardB．ReflectionsontheRoadtoHarvardC．WhatHarvardMeanstoMyMotherandMeD．HowHarvardShapesMyTeenageYears【答案】1．D

2．A

3．C

4．B【文章大意】這是一篇記敘文，文章主要介紹了作者的哈佛求學(xué)之路以及自己的思考。1．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段畫線詞后“Forsomeonewhoseessomuchbeautyintheworld,sheworkedawfullyhardtoprotectmefromit.Television,rapmusic,andevenbasketballwiththekidsontheblockwasbeyondconsideration.(作為一個(gè)能看到世界上這么多美好事物的人，她卻非常努力地保護(hù)我不受它的傷害。看電視、聽說唱音樂，甚至和街區(qū)里的孩子們一起打籃球都是不可能的)”可推知，母親對(duì)作者的管教很嚴(yán)格，所以畫線詞所在句意為“我是獨(dú)生子，所以我的母親用她的愛控制了我”，overpowered意為“控制”。故選D。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“WhenIannouncedthesummerbeforemysenioryearofhighschoolthatIhaddecidedtoapplytoHarvard,Inoticedherhesitantlookbeforeawarmsmileenvelopedherface.(在我升入高三的那個(gè)夏天，我告訴母親我決定申請(qǐng)去哈佛念書，我察覺到母親臉上那一絲猶豫，盡管那很快就被溫暖的笑容所掩蓋)”可知，母親對(duì)作者的決定的第一反應(yīng)是擔(dān)心。故選A。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“IknewthechanceofgettingintoHarvardwasnotinmyfavor.Tomyjoy,IwasinformedofmyacceptanceintoHarvardthreedaysbeforemybirthday.(我知道進(jìn)入哈佛的勝算并不是我能決定的。令我高興的是，在我生日的前三天，我被哈佛錄取了)”可知，被哈佛大學(xué)錄取超出了作者的預(yù)料。故選C。4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，結(jié)合最后一段中“Harvardhasforcedmetogrowandtakeafairlookattheworld,andatmyself.Needlesstosay,Iwouldnottradetheexperienceforanything.(哈佛迫使我成長，讓我以公正的眼光看待這個(gè)世界和我自己。不用說，我不會(huì)拿這段經(jīng)歷換任何東西)”可知，文章主要介紹了作者的哈佛求學(xué)之路以及自己的思考。故選B。3.【河南省新鄉(xiāng)市2023屆高三上學(xué)期第一次模擬】DOneofthemostcommonbeliefsamongresearchersisthathumansfirstarrivedinNorthAmerica16,000yearsago.Accordingtoarecentfossildiscovery,thatmightnotbetrue.ThenewfindingsuggeststhathumansmighthavearrivedinNorthAmericafarearlier.In2013,adamagedmammoth(猛犸象)skullandotherbonesthatlooked“deliberatelybroken”werefound.Thedamagetothebonessuggestedthathumansweretheoneswhocausedittomaketools.Carbon-datinganalysissuggestedthepiecesareroughly37,000yearsold.Thisdiscoverycouldshiftourunderstandingofhumans‘earliestexistenceinNorthAmerica.Thesefossilssuggesthumanskilledanimalsintheareamuchearlierthan16,000yearsago.PreviousresearchledscientiststobelievethefirsthumansthatsettledinNorthAmericabelongedtotheClovisculture.Thiswasagroupofpeoplewholeftbehindcarefullymadetools16,000yearsago.However,carbon-datinganalysisofthemammothbonesindicatesthatthesiteisaround36,250to38,900yearsold.Thatmeansit’stheoldestknownsiteleftbehindbyancienthumansinNorthAmerica.“That’snottheonlyinterestingthingaboutthediscovery,”saidTimothyRowe,aprofessorattheUniversityofTexas.“Thesimilarfindingssupportinganearlierdateforhumanarrivalhavebeenmostlyignored.Thisisbecausetheyhavecontradictedpreviousresearch.”Now,however,hethinksthere’sagoodchancethatresearcherswillfindevidenceofhumansfartherbackintime.Theearlyhumansshapedbonesintosharpblades,whichwereusedtotakeapartanimals’remains,accordingtoRowe.Therearealsosignsthattheycookedtheanimalbonesoverafiretomeltoffthefat.“Therealevidencethatwehavehastodowiththebreakagepatterns,andhowthoroughtheyare.Theymusthaveusedrocksorhammerstonestobusttheskeletonapart...Thesepeoplewouldusewhatevertheycould,”RowetoldUSAToday.1．WhatcanbelearntabouttheearliesthumansinNorthAmerica?A．Theyarrivedthere16,000yearsago.B．Theycausedmammothtodisappear.C．TheybelongedtotheClovisculture.D．Theycouldmaketoolswithbones.2．Whyarethefindingssimilartothenewoneignored?A．Theylackagoodchance.B．Theyfailtodrawattention.C．Theydisagreewithearlierresearch.D．Theyaren’tstudiedscientifically.3．HowdoesRowefindthenewdiscovery?A．Inspiring.B．Annoying.C．Puzzling.D．Embarrassing.4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheEarliestHumans’SettlinginNorthAmericaB．EvidenceofEarlierHumans’ArrivalinNorthAmericaC．TheEarliestToolMakersinNorthAmericaD．ResearchonMammothsinNorthAmerica【答案】1．D

2．C

3．A

4．B【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹一項(xiàng)新的研究表明人類遠(yuǎn)早于16000年前就到達(dá)了北美。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Thedamagetothebonessuggestedthathumansweretheoneswhocausedittomaketools.(骨頭上的損傷表明是人類制造的工具造成的)”可知，北美洲最早的人類可以用骨頭制作工具。故選D。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Thesimilarfindingssupportinganearlierdateforhumanarrivalhavebeenmostlyignored.Thisisbecausetheyhavecontradictedpreviousresearch.(支持人類更早到達(dá)的類似發(fā)現(xiàn)大多被忽視了。這是因?yàn)樗鼈兣c之前的研究相矛盾)”可知，與新發(fā)現(xiàn)相似的早期發(fā)現(xiàn)被忽略是因?yàn)榕c早期研究相矛盾。故選C。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Now,however,hethinksthere’sagoodchancethatresearcherswillfindevidenceofhumansfartherbackintime.(然而，現(xiàn)在他認(rèn)為研究人員很有可能找到更早以前人類存在的證據(jù))”可知，Rowe認(rèn)為新的研究很有可能幫助研究人員找到更早以前人類存在的證據(jù)。由此推知，Rowe認(rèn)為這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)是鼓舞人心的。故選A。4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容，尤其第一段“OneofthemostcommonbeliefsamongresearchersisthathumansfirstarrivedinNorthAmerica16,000yearsago.Accordingtoarecentfossildiscovery,thatmightnotbetrue.ThenewfindingsuggeststhathumansmighthavearrivedinNorthAmericafarearlier.(研究人員最普遍的觀點(diǎn)之一是，人類在16000年前首次到達(dá)北美。根據(jù)最近的化石發(fā)現(xiàn)，這可能不是真的。這項(xiàng)新發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，人類可能更早到達(dá)北美)”和第二段的“Thisdiscoverycouldshiftourunderstandingofhumans‘earliestexistenceinNorthAmerica.Thesefossilssuggesthumanskilledanimalsintheareamuchearlierthan16,000yearsago.(這一發(fā)現(xiàn)可能會(huì)改變我們對(duì)人類最早在北美存在的理解。這些化石表明，早在一萬六千年前，人類就在該地區(qū)捕殺動(dòng)物)”可知，本文主要介紹新的研究表明人類遠(yuǎn)早于16000年前就到達(dá)了北美。B項(xiàng)“早期人類到達(dá)北美的證據(jù)”可以作為本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選B。4.【河北省唐山市部分學(xué)校2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期12月月考】CTheuniverseisincrediblyvast.Thediameter(直徑)oftheobservableuniverseisestimatedtobeabout93billionlightyearsacross.Withjustoureyes,wecangenerallyonlyseeafewthousandlightyearsworthofdistancethoughtherearesomeobjectswecanseethataremuchfurtheraway.ThefarthestobjectwecanseewithoureyesisAndromedaGalaxy(仙女座星系)located2.5millionlightyearsaway,andyetitisonlyvisibleifthereislittlelightpollution.Inordertoseefartherintospace,wemustrelyontelescopes.Howfarcanweseeusingthemostpowerfultelescopes?TheHubbleSpaceTelescope(HST)wastherecordholderforthefarthestvisibledistanceinspaceuntilthelaunchoftheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(JWST)in2021.JWSTisnowthemostpowerfultelescopeeverbuilt,anditisabletoseetheuniverseasitwasonly200millionyearsaftertheBigBang.ThatmeansthatJWSTisabletopiecetogetheranadditional300millionyearsofuniversalhistorycomparedtoHST.JWSTwillbeabletostudysomeofthefirstgalaxiestoformaftertheBigBang.ThefarthestphysicaldistancewecanseeistheCosmicMicrowaveBackgroundRadiation(CMBR).CMBRcanbethoughtofastheecho(回聲)oftheBigBangasitistheleftoverradiationfromthebirthoftheuniverse.TheCMBRitselfisthefarthestpossibledistancehumanscanseeasitrepresentsthemomentthattheuniversebecametransparenttolight.AlthoughlightdidexistbeforeCMBR,gasanddustweresimplytoodenseforlighttocrossspace.CMBRformedonly380,000yearsaftertheBigBang,andsoweareseeingtheuniversepriortotheformationofeventhefirststars.1．WhydoestheauthormentionAndromedaGalaxy?A．Topresenttheoriginoftheuniverse.B．Tostresstheseverityofspacepollution.C．Toshowthelimitedrangeofhumanvision.D．Toprovehumans'wonderfulviewofspace.2．WhatdoweknowaboutJWST?A．Itwaslaunchedin2022.B．ItismoreadvancedthanHST.C．Itcansee300millionyearsaftertheBigBang.D．Itwasusedtostudytheformationofthefirstgalaxies.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"dense"inthelastparagraphmean?A．Distant.B．Rare.C．Tiny.D．Thick.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．HowFarCanHumansSeeInSpace?B．HowWillJWSTBeApplied?C．HowWillHumansExploreSpace?D．HowFarCanJWSTSee?【答案】1．C

2．B

3．D

4．A【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。講述了我們用肉眼觀察到的宇宙范圍十分有限，但是在太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡的幫助下可以看到大爆炸后形成的第一批星系。1．目的意圖題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“Withjustoureyes,wecangenerallyonlyseeafewthousandlightyearsworthofdistance.(僅憑我們的眼睛，我們通常只能看到幾千光年的距離。)”以及“Inordertoseefartherintospace,wemustrelyontelescopes.Howfarcanweseeusingthemostpowerfultelescopes?(為了看得更遠(yuǎn)的太空，我們必須依靠望遠(yuǎn)鏡。使用最強(qiáng)大的望遠(yuǎn)鏡，我們能看到多遠(yuǎn)?)”可知，作者提到仙女座星系是想表達(dá)肉眼可見范圍十分有限，故選C。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“TheHubbleSpaceTelescope(HST)wastherecordholderforthefarthestvisibledistanceinspaceuntilthelaunchoftheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(JWST)in2021.(在2021年詹姆斯·韋伯太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡（JWST）發(fā)射之前，哈勃太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡（HST）一直是太空最遠(yuǎn)可見距離的紀(jì)錄保持者。)”及“ThatmeansthatJWSTisabletopiecetogetheranadditional300millionyearsofuniversalhistorycomparedtoHST.JWSTwillbeabletostudysomeofthefirstgalaxiestoformaftertheBigBang.(這意味著與HST相比，JWST能夠再拼湊3億年的普世歷史。)”可知，JWST(詹姆斯·韋伯太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡)比HST(哈勃太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡)更先進(jìn)可以觀測到更遠(yuǎn)的范圍，故選B。3．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中“AlthoughlightdidexistbeforeCMBR,gasanddustweresimplytoodenseforlighttocrossspace(雖然光在宇宙微波背景輻射之前就已經(jīng)存在，但氣體和塵埃的密度太大，光無法穿過空間。)”以及結(jié)合光無法穿過空間可知，是因?yàn)闅怏w和塵埃的原因，光無法穿過的可能性是氣體和塵埃密度太大，故選D。4．標(biāo)題判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Howfarcanweseeusingthemostpowerfultelescopes?(使用最強(qiáng)大的望遠(yuǎn)鏡，我們能看到多遠(yuǎn))”及各段大意，文章第一段主要講述了肉眼可見最遠(yuǎn)距離，第二段講述了新的詹姆斯·韋伯太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡的優(yōu)勢，第三段講述了我們能看到的最遠(yuǎn)物理距離?？芍?，文章主要講述了人類可觀測到的最遠(yuǎn)距離，故選A。分層練B分層練B1.【遼寧省葫蘆島市協(xié)作校2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期第二次考試】CThesedays,there’sagreenversionofjustabouteverything.Therearecarsthatrunonelectricityandalternativefuels,housesthatarepoweredbysolarenergyandwindfarmsseeminglypoppinguponeveryopenspacefromCaliforniatocoastalJapan.Evendrones(無人機(jī))ategettinginontheaction.Theunmannedairvehiclesarealsobeingputtoenvironmentalusesaroundtheglobe.Theeyeintheskythattheyprovidehelpsresearchersbetterunderstandwhat’sgoingonwiththenaturalworldinwhichwelive.Forenvironmentalistsandearthscientists,theflyingmachinescanbesentwayupintheairtorecordsweepingfootageofalargeareatotracktheimpactofthingslikeclimatechange,migrationandtheactsofcuttingdownandburningforesttrees,whichcanbedonewithouthavingtobuyahelicopter,rentaplaneortapeavideocameratoabird.Sure,there’splentyofsatellitefootagealreadyoutthere,butdronesletresearchersaccuratelypositionthedatasetthattheywanttogetaquicker,closerlookattheareathatthey’relookingtomonitor.In2013,forexample,theNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration(NASA)sentadroneintotheTurrialbaVolcanoinCostaRicatogatherdataaboutitsemissions.Thetemperature,ashheightandgasconcentrationinformationcollectedduringthemissionhelpedearthscientistsdeterminewhichwaythevolcanicandpotentiallypoisonousgaseruptingfromthevolcanowasmovingandtakestepstolimititsenvironmentalimpact.Similarly,Arcticresearchersareusingdronestohelpstudytemperaturechangeandthemeltingofglaciers.Theyusedronesequippedwithinfrared(紅外線的)camerastosweepintoplacesthattheymayotherwisenotbeabletoreachtomonitorandcollectdataonthemeltingice.Thesameflyingmachinesmayalsoeventuallybeusedtotransportotherdatacollectiontoolsintothewild.1．Howdoestheauthorleadinthetopicofthetext?A．Bygivingexamples.B．Bylistingdata.C．Bydrawingadistinction.D．Bymakingassumptions.2．Whatmainlymakesdronesusedtobetterwatchnature?A．Thehighsafety.B．Thehugespace.C．Therecoverycapabilityafterdamage.D．Theabilitytocollectdataatahighaltitude.3．Whatdothelasttwoparagraphsmainlytellusaboutdrones?A．Theirproductionsteps.B．Theirpracticalfunctions.C．Theirpotentialimpactsontheatmosphere.D．Theirdatasetformotoringtheenvironment.4．Whichisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Drones:PoisonousB．Drones:Eco-friendlyC．Drones:LimitedD．Drones:Adaptable【答案】1．A

2．D

3．B

4．B【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了無人機(jī)在環(huán)境保護(hù)方面的應(yīng)用。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thesedays,there’sagreenversionofjustabouteverything.Therearecarsthatrunonelectricityandalternativefuels,housesthatarepoweredbysolarenergyandwindfarmsseeminglypoppinguponeveryopenspacefromCaliforniatocoastalJapan.Evendrones(無人機(jī))ategettinginontheaction.”（現(xiàn)在，幾乎所有東西都有綠色版本。從加利福尼亞到日本沿海的每個(gè)開放空間似乎都出現(xiàn)了使用電力和替代燃料的汽車、太陽能驅(qū)動(dòng)的房屋和風(fēng)力發(fā)電場。就連無人機(jī)也加入了行動(dòng)。）可知，本段中作者列舉了生活中隨處可見的環(huán)保行文：電動(dòng)汽車代替燃料汽車，太陽能驅(qū)動(dòng)的房屋和風(fēng)力發(fā)電場，引入了本文的話題。故選A。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theeyeintheskythattheyprovidehelpsresearchersbetterunderstandwhat’sgoingonwiththenaturalworldinwhichwelive.Forenvironmentalistsandearthscientists.theflyingmachinescanbesentwayupintheairtorecordsweepingfootageofalargeareatotracktheimpactofthingslikeclimatechange,migrationandtheactsofcuttingdownandburningforesttrees,whichcanbedonewithouthavingtobuyahelicopter,rentaplaneortapeavideocameratoabird”(它們提供的空中眼睛幫助研究人員更好地了解我們生活的自然世界正在發(fā)生什么。對(duì)于環(huán)境學(xué)家和地球科學(xué)家來說，這些飛行器可以被送到空中去記錄大片區(qū)域的影像來追蹤氣候變化，遷徙以及砍伐和焚燒森林樹木的行為，這些都不需要購買直升機(jī)，租用飛機(jī)或者給鳥類裝攝像機(jī)。）可知，使用無人機(jī)可以幫助研究人員更好地了解我們生活的自然世界正在發(fā)生什么，可以在空中實(shí)現(xiàn)影像采集，追蹤氣候變化，動(dòng)物遷徙以及人類對(duì)森林的破壞行為。故選D。3．主旨大意題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“dronesletresearchersaccuratelypositionthedatasetthattheywanttogetaquicker,closerlookattheareathatthey’relookingtomonitor.”（無人機(jī)可以讓研究人員精確定位數(shù)據(jù)集，他們希望得到一個(gè)更快，更近距離地觀察他們要監(jiān)視的區(qū)域。）講述了無人機(jī)能實(shí)現(xiàn)的功能。最后一段中“Similarly,Arcticresearchersareusingdronestohelpstudytemperaturechangeandthemeltingofglaciers.”（同樣，北極研究人員正在使用無人機(jī)幫助研究氣溫變化和冰川融化。)具體說明了無人機(jī)在研究氣溫變化和冰川融化方面的幫助作用。所以兩段主要說明了無人機(jī)的實(shí)際生活中的運(yùn)用。故選B。4．主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合文章第一段中“Thesedays,there’sagreenversionofjustabouteverything.”（現(xiàn)在，幾乎所有東西都有綠色版本。）“Theunmannedairvehiclesarealsobeingputtoenvironmentalusesaroundtheglobe.”（無人駕駛飛行器也正在全球范圍內(nèi)用于環(huán)境保護(hù)。）同時(shí)根據(jù)本段中的舉例，引出了文章的話題：無人機(jī)在環(huán)境保護(hù)方面的應(yīng)用。第二段提到了無人機(jī)可用于觀測自然的原因，最后兩段闡述了無人機(jī)的實(shí)際應(yīng)用。所以本文的標(biāo)題應(yīng)為：用于環(huán)境保護(hù)的無人機(jī)。選項(xiàng)B與文意相符，故選B。2.【湖北省宜城一中、棗陽一中等六校2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中】CNearly10millionpeopleworldwidelivewithParkinson’sdisease.WhileParkinson’sisincurable,someofitsworstsymptomscanberelievedandcontrolledusingmedications.Amajorproblemofgettingeffectivetreatmentattherighttimeisidentifyingthediseasesoonenough,beforepatientsexperiencethesymptomsbroughtonbyirreversible(不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的)neuronloss.Butscientistsmighthavejustthethingtochangethesituation.Anditinvolvesanose.InastudypublishedinthejournalACSOmega,researchersfromChina’sZhejiangUniversitycreatedan“e-nose,”aportabledevicethatcandetectbodysmellsspecifictoParkinson’spatients.ItmaycomeasasurprisetolearnParkinson’spatientshavetheirownsmells.ButafteraretirednurseinScotlandmadeheadlinesin2015foraheightenedsenseofsmellthatledtoherownhusband’sParkinson’sdiagnosis,scientistshavebeentryinghardtocreateadevicethatcouldsmellthediseasebeforephysicalsymptomsstarttoshow.Overtheyears,scientistshavefoundpeoplewithParkinson’stendtoproducemoresebum(皮脂)thantheaverageperson.Thissebummixeswithotheroverproducedsubstancestoproducecertain,uniquesmells.Totrackdownthesesmells,theZhejiangUniversityresearchersswabbed(用拭子擦拭)theupperbacksof31Parkinson’spatientsand32healthyvolunteers.Usingmachine-learningsoftware,theywereabletoidentifythreesmellcompoundsthathealthyvolunteerslacked.Theresearchersthentestedthee-noseonsebumtakenfrom12Parkinson’spatientsand12healthypeople.Thedevicewasfoundtobeabout71percentaccurateindistinguishinghealthysebumfromParkinson’ssebum.Theseareencouragingfindings,butbeforethee-noseisreadyforclinicaluse,theteamneedstotestitonmanymorepeopletoimprovetheaccuracyofthemodels.Theywillalsoneedtotestwhetherfactorslikeraceaffectthee-nose’sperformanceinanyway.Butfornow,asthenumberofpeoplelivingwithParkinson’sintheU.S.isexpectedtoriseto1.2millionby2030,anosemightbethebestoptiontodetectthisdisease.1．WhatmakesitdifficultforParkinson’spatientstogeteffectivetreatment?A．Itsmedicationsareinshortsupply.B．Itinvolvesirreversibleneuronloss.C．Itsearlysignsarenoteasytonotice.D．It’snotacurablediseasemedically.2．WhatdidtheScottishnursefind?A．Herhusband’sbodygaveoffastrangesmell.B．Herhusbandhadaheightenedsenseofsmell.C．Asmellcausedherhusbandtosufferfromadisease.D．Asmellcouldrelieveherhusband’sParkinson’ssymptoms.3．Whatwilltheresearchersdoconcerningtheirinvention?A．Putitintoclinicaluse.B．Conductabroadertest.C．Createmorelabmodels.D．ExpanditsmarketoutsidetheU.S.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Thise-nosecansmellParkinson’sB．Parkinson’spatientsproducemoresebumC．PeoplelivingwithParkinson’sareontheriseD．ResearchershavefoundtreatmentforParkinson’s【答案】1．C

2．A

3．B

4．A【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講的是患有帕金森病的患者在獲得有效的救治之前往往很難發(fā)現(xiàn)早期的癥狀，針對(duì)于這個(gè)問題研究人員研發(fā)出了一種可以檢測出患者在身體癥狀出現(xiàn)之前的特有氣味的便攜式設(shè)備——“電子鼻”。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Amajorproblemofgettingeffectivetreatmentattherighttimeisidentifyingthediseasesoonenough,beforepatientsexperiencethesymptomsbroughtonbyirreversible(不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的)neuronloss.(在正確的時(shí)間獲得有效治療的一個(gè)主要問題是，在患者經(jīng)歷不可逆的神經(jīng)元損失帶來的癥狀之前，盡快確定疾病。)”可知只有盡快確定疾病，帕金森患者才能在正確的時(shí)間里得到有效的救治，所以可以推斷出早期癥狀的難以發(fā)現(xiàn)使帕金森患者得到有效救治變得困難。故選C項(xiàng)。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“ButafteraretirednurseinScotlandmadeheadlinesin2015foraheightenedsenseofsmellthatledtoherownhusband’sParkinson’sdiagnosis(但2015年，蘇格蘭一名退休護(hù)士因?yàn)樗翡J的嗅覺幫助其丈夫被診斷出帕金森病而上了頭條。)”可知這名蘇格蘭退休護(hù)士發(fā)現(xiàn)她丈夫的身體發(fā)出一種特殊的氣味。故選A項(xiàng)。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Theseareencouragingfindings,butbeforethee-noseisreadyforclinicaluse,theteamneedstotestitonmanymorepeopletoimprovetheaccuracyofthemodels.Theywillalsoneedtotestwhetherfactorslikeraceaffectthee-nose’sperformanceinanyway.(這些都是令人鼓舞的發(fā)現(xiàn)，但在電子鼻投入臨床使用之前，研究小組還需要在更多的人身上進(jìn)行測試，以提高模型的準(zhǔn)確性。他們還需要測試種族等因素是否會(huì)以任何方式影響電子鼻的性能。)”可知為了提高模型的準(zhǔn)確性，在電子鼻投入臨床使用之前，研究小組還需要進(jìn)行更廣泛的測試。故選B項(xiàng)。4．主旨大意題。文章第一段主要講的是電子鼻出現(xiàn)的背景——帕金森病人在得到正確救治之前很難發(fā)現(xiàn)其癥狀，第二、三、四和五段主要圍繞著電子鼻的研發(fā)，測試及功效展開，最后一段“Theseareencouragingfindings,butbeforethee-noseisreadyforclinicaluse,theteamneedstotestitonmanymorepeopletoimprovetheaccuracyofthemodels.Theywillalsoneedtotestwhetherfactorslikeraceaffectthee-nose’sperformanceinanyway.Butfornow,asthenumberofpeoplelivingwithParkinson’sintheU.S.isexpectedtoriseto1.2millionby2030,anosemightbethebestoptiontodetectthisdisease.(這些都是令人鼓舞的發(fā)現(xiàn)，但在電子鼻投入臨床使用之前，研究小組還需要在更多的人身上進(jìn)行測試，以提高模型的準(zhǔn)確性。他們還需要測試種族等因素是否會(huì)以任何方式影響電子鼻的性能。但目前，美國帕金森患者的數(shù)量預(yù)計(jì)將上升到120萬。到2030年，電子鼻可能是檢測這種疾病的最佳選擇。)”向我們展示了電子鼻的使用前景，對(duì)全文進(jìn)行總結(jié)?？v觀全文，文章都是在圍繞著一種能夠測出帕金森患者身上特有氣味的電子鼻展開，所以A項(xiàng)Thise-nosecansmellParkinson’s作為文章的標(biāo)題最為合適。故選A項(xiàng)。3.【河北省張家口市部分學(xué)校2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中】DWhenAnikaPurivisitedIndiawithherfamilyfouryearsago,shewassurprisedtocomeacrossamarketinBombayfilledwithrowsofivoryjewelry(象牙飾品)andstatues.Globally,ivorytradehasbeenillegalformorethan30years,andelephanthuntinghasbeenprohibitedinIndiasincethe1970s.“Iwasquiteshocked,”the17-year-oldfromNewYork,recalls,“Becausepoaching(偷獵)isillegal,howcomeitisstillsuchabigissue?”Curious,Purididsomeresearchanddiscoveredashockingstatistic:Africa’sforestelephantpopulationhaddeclinedbyabout62percentbetween2002and2011.Yearslater,thenumberscontinuedtodrop.Puri,awildlifelover,wantedtodosomethingtohelpprotectthespeciesandothersstillthreatenedbypoaching.Overthecourseoftwoyears,PuricreatedEISa,alow-costproductofamachinelearning-drivensoftwarethatanalyzesmovementpatternsinthermalinfrared(熱紅外)videosofhumansandelephants.Purisaysthesoftwareisfourtimesmoreaccuratethanexistingstate-of-the-artdetectionmethods.Italsoeliminatestheneedforexpensivehigh-definitionthermalcameras,whichcancostthousands,shesays.EISausesa$250FLIRONEProthermalcamerawith206*156resolutionthatplugsintoanoff-the-shelfiPhone6.ThecameraandiPhonearethenattachedtoadrone(無人機(jī)),andthesystemproducesreal-timeinferencesasitfliesoverparksastowhetherobjectsbelowarehumansorelephants.ItspotentialimpactonsocietyearnedherthePeggyScrippsAwardforScienceCommunication.“Researchisn’tastraightline,”Purisays.“Itmakesmeresourceful.Ithelpsmedevelopintoamorecreativethinker.”1．WhatinspiredAnikaPuritomaketheinvention?A．OnestudytriptoBombay.B．Thedeeppassionforlaw.C．OnevisitinIndia.D．Herloveforivory.2．HowdoestheauthorexplainthesituationofAfrica’sforestelephant?A．Bylistingfigures.B．Bymakingcomparison.C．Byshowinganexample.D．Byreferringtosomeformerstudies.3．What’stheresearchlikeinAnikaPuri’s