詞匯基礎講義

第一篇詞匯、考研英語試卷構成及分值二、考研詞匯之大綱要求考生應能掌握5500左右的詞匯以及相關附表中的內(nèi)容。除掌握詞匯的基本含義外，考生還應掌握：.詞匯之間的詞義關系，如同義詞、近義詞、反義詞等；.掌握詞匯之間的搭配關系，如動詞與介詞、形容詞與介詞、形容詞與名詞等；.掌握詞匯生成的基本知識，如詞源、詞根、詞綴等。三、考研詞匯分類四、考研詞匯特點.一詞多義.詞性活用propel—propulsion—propeller—expel—expulsionrepel-repulsive-repulsion-dispelimpel-impulse-impulsive-pulse?真題例句Italsomeansthatgovernmentsareincreasinglycompelledtointerfereinthesesectorsinordertostepupproductionandensurethatitisutilizedtothebestadvantage.Itnowappearsthattheyalsohaveanimportantinfluenceonthegeophysicalprocessesthatpropeltheplatesacrosstheglobe.-tend-/-tens-/-tent:stretch;pull“拉”tent-tend-intend-intentionextend一extensiveintense—intensive—intensity—intensifyattend—attendant—attendancecontent-contend-pretend-pretentious?真題例句Time,ratherthanintention,hasgiventhemlegitimacy.Competitionfbrgamblers'dollarshasbecomeintense.-vent-:come“到來”invent—invention—prevent—preventionconvention-convene-convenientadventure-advent-ventureevent-eventful-eventually-incidentintervene—intervention?真題例句Suchfoodserviceoperatorsrangefromsnackmachinestolargeinstitutionalcateringventures.Someattributedvirtuallyeveryimportantculturalachievementtotheinventionsofafew,especiallygiftedpeoples.-pose-:put"放置”pose——posturecompose—composition—decomposeexpose—exposition—exposuredispose-disposal-trash/exhaustdisposalproposeaplan/suggestion/toastimpose—imposition—deposit?真題例句Yetratherthanempoweringteacherstofindwhatworksbestfortheirstudents,thepolicyimposesaflat,across-the-boardrule.Thoselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable,andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.-sense-or-sent-(pathy-)“感覺、認知、意見”sense-sensitive-insensitivesensible-rational-reasonablesentimental—consent—consensusresent-sympathy?真題例句Ithasbeenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmellatfirstcansuddenlybecomesensitivetoitwhenexposedtoitoftenenough.Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatgoverntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.-scribe-or-scipt-(-graph/-gram-)“書寫；畫”describe-description-subscribe-subscriptioninscribe-inscription-ascribe...to...prescribe-prescription-manuscript?真題例句Copyrightrestedwiththejournalpublisher,andresearchersseekingknowledgeoftheresultswouldhavetosubscribetothejournal.TheCourtruledthathighdosagepainrelievingmedicationcanbeprescribed.13.or(?voc?/?log?)“說、言、詞”dictate-dictation-dictator-dictionarypredict-unpredictable-contradictcontradictory-addict-addicted-addictionvocabulary—advocate—equivocalmonologue—dialogue—analogy—allege?真題例句OneofthefirstadvocatesforanationallistwasaresearcheratLavalUniversity.Theresultsofthejournalismcredibilityprojectturnedouttobesomewhatcontradictory.-claim-/clam-“叫喊"claim-proclaim-exclaim-exclamationreclaim-acclaim-beacclaimedas?真題例句Itistheeducatedwhohaveclaimedtohavegivenuponambitionasanideal.Thisfilmmetwithconsiderablecriticalandpublicacclaim.-verse-/-vert-(-volv-/-cycle-)“旋轉;轉動”reverse-inversediverse—diversity—variety—subvertcontroversy—controversialadverse—adversity—anniversaryconversation—converse—convertversion—versatile—involverevolve—revolution—evolve—evolutionbicycle—recycle—cyclone?真題例句Therehavebeencontroversialviewsaboutitseconomic,socialandculturalimplicationsItisgeographicallymorediversethananyothercontinent.-cur-(run)“走；跑"；“關心”current—currency—occur—occurrenceconcur—concurrent—recur—recurrentincur—incursion—incursiveexcursion—cursive—cursoryexcurse—excursivecourse—intercourse—recourse—concoursecurious-curiosity—secure—securitycure-curable-curativeaccurate—accuracyprocure-procurable-procurement?真題例句Terrorism,economicuncertaintiesandgeneralfeelingsofinsecurityhaveincreasedpeople'sanxiety.Inmanysuchcases,acursorysearchforcausesfindsthatsomesmallgroupofpeoplewaswearing,promoting,ordevelopingwhateveritisbeforeanyoneelsepaidattention.-novel-/-nov-(new)“新”novel-novelist-noveltyinnovate-innovation-innovativerenovate——renovation?真題例句Second,noveltyitselffrequentlyprovokesdisbelief.Soitseemsparadoxicaltotalkabouthabitsinthesamecontextascreativityandinnovation.-tain-(keep;hold)“拿住”maintain-maintenancesustain-sustainable-sustenancecontain-container-containmentattain-attainment-attainableentertain-entertainer-entertainmentdetain—detaineepertain—abstain—abstention—maintain—maintenanceobtain-obtainable-retain-retainer?真題例句Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.Inmanycases,itwouldnotbeoverlyburdensomeforauthoritiestoobtainawarranttosearchthroughphonecontents.-spir-(breathe)"呼吸"spirit-spiritual-spirited-inspire-inspirationconspire—conspiracyaspire-aspiration-aspiring-aspirantperspire—perspiration—expire—expirationrespire—respiration—respiratory?真題例句Forhim,orderdoesnotresultfromforgettingorignoringthedisordersthatplagueourexistence;orderisanecessarydevelopment,animprovementthatmayleadtotheGreekidealofspiritualelevation.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.-tract-(pull)“拉、拽”tract—tractor—intractablecontract-contractual-contractiondistract-distractingextract一retract一retraction一retractableattract-attractive-abstractdetract—detraction—detractor?真題例句ThemagazinecovershowinganattractivemotherholdingacutebabyishardlytheonlyMadonna-and-childimageonnewsstandsthisweek.Sohehiredadentisttotransplantnineteethintohisjaw-havingextractedthemfromthemouthsofhisslaves.numbersuni-(mono-)”單一的；一個”unique—uniform—unity—unanimous—monotonebi-(di-)“二”tri-"三”quadr-"四"penta-"五”sext-"六”sept-"七”oct-/octa-/octo-64八”nov-"九”dec-/deci-/deca-"十”decadecenti-"百”dioxide-biennialtriple—trianglequadruplePentagonsemesterSeptemberOctober-octopusNovemberDecembercentipede—century3.熟詞僻義五、常用詞匯記憶方法1.構詞法-詞根詞綴記憶十大必記前綴!pre-/pro-/fore-/ante-:before"在???之前”preview;previous;progress;processantecedent;antedateforehead; foreground; foremanre-/retro-:back;again"向后,相反；再次，重新”return;retire;reciprocal;reviewrenovate;retrospect;retrogress3?su(r)-/super-/over-:over,above"在上面,超過“success;surface;supermarket;supervise;superstitionoverstate;overlooksub-:under"在下面，低于；次要于”de-:down,away,without“向下，離開，否定”subway; subtitledevalue; decrease; defrostin-/im-:in,into"在內(nèi),進入；否定”en-/em-：in,into”在內(nèi)，進入中，使include；import；impossibleentrance;enclose;entitle;encouragee(x)-:out“往外；出去;前任”exit;exclude;emit；emission；ex-wifeco-/col-/com-/con-/cor-:together"共同；一起”cooperate; colleague; communication;consensus; correctdis-:away；off“分散；離開;否定”se-:away,apart"分開，離開”disconnect; dismiss; dislike；separate; select； seducenot表否定a(d)-/a+x-:表強調(diào)not表否定impossible; immoral;imbalance; impolite;incorrect; inability; inaccurateillegal;illiterate;illogicalirregular;irresistible;irresolvabledishonorable;disagree;undoubted;unemploymentnon-existence;non-sensemisjudge; misleading; decode;devalueanti-social;anti-aging;counterattack;counteract;counterpartabnormal;abuse;absence常見后綴常見后綴詞性常見后綴單詞舉例n.-ment;-tion;-ion;-ation-ity;-ure;-ence；-ance;development;government;explanation;motivation;identity;authority;leisure;mixtureinsistence;patience;entrance;dominanceadj.-able;-ble;-ful;-ive;-al;admirable;comfortable;helpful;successful;respective;digital;ruraladj.orn.-ent;-antintelligent;dependent;student;brilliant;pollutant;assistantv.oradj.-ate(80%v.20%adj.)penetrate;vaccinateaccurate;considerate常用詞根:.聯(lián)想記憶法dilemma;obese;agony;monologue;worm.類比對比法attitude/altitude/latitude/longitude/magnitude/multitudeaffect/effect/effective/efficient/defect/defective/deficient.熟詞僻義:（基本意到引申意）.真題同義替換“充分的"：enough-adequate-sufficient-ample-abundant“應該"：should-ought-itisadvisableto“導致"：cause一leadto-giveriseto-generatei 必備詞根：-cid-/-cis-/-sect-:cut,fall“切，殺；落下，跌落”suicide—homicide—pesticide—insecticidegenocide—herbicide—decisive—preciseconcise—dissection—intersectionaccident—incident—coincidence?真題例句Muchofthelanguageusedtodescribemonetarypolicy,suchas"steeringtheeconomytoasoftlanding"or"atouchonthebrakesJmakesitsoundlikeaprecisescience.Theauthorassertsthatscientistsshouldwritemoreconcisereportsfortechnicaljournals.-cess-n.-ceed-v.:go“走"success-succeed-successful-successionsucceed-successive-successor-processproceed-procedure-excess-exceedexcessive-precede-unprecedented-predecessorancestor-recede-recession-secedesecession-concede-concession-access?真題例句AcrosstheAtlanticcamesuccessivegroupsofEnglishmen,Frenchmen,Germans,Scots,Irishmen,Dutchmen,andSwedes.GregoryRodriguezreportsthattoday'simmigrationisneitheratunprecedentedlevelsnorresistanttoassimilation.-spect-:look"看"expect-expectation-inspect-inspectioninspector-introspect-respect-respectablerespectful-respective-aspect-prospectspectator一suspect——suspicious一specialtyspecious-perspective?真題例句Closerinspectionrevealsimportantdifferencesamongthebiggestnationalmarkets.Fromthemiddle-classfamilyperspective,muchofthis,understandably,looksfarlesslikeanopportunitytoexercisemorefinancialresponsibility.-fact-/-feet-/-fic-:do/make"做”factory—manufacture—facility—affectaffection-effect-effective-efficientdefect-defective-deficient-proficientsufficient-efficient-infec