2022年12月大學英語四級考試真題

2022年12月大學英語四級考試真題(第1套)PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Inthistask,youaretowriteanessayontheimportanceofdevelopingahealthylifestyleamongcollegestudents.Youwillhave30minutesforthetask.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartListeningComprehension(25minutes)Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questionsandarebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.freecarshowB)Ayearlyconcert.C)Apipebandcontest.D)Asportscompetition.2.A)Contributealottothelocaleconomy.B)ImprovetheimageofGlasgowcity.C)EnrichthelocalcultureofGlasgow.D)Entertainpeopleinlocalcommunities.Questionsandarebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A)DangerousicemeltsinGreenland.B)Surprisingriseinglobalsealevels.C)Changingweatherpatternsinsummer.D)RecordgrowthofGreenland’sicesheets.4.A)Itlastedthreemonths.B)ItbeganinlateMay.C)Itendedamonthearlierthanbefore.DItstartedamonthearlierthanusualQuestionstoarebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Localpolicemencameacrossbundlesof￡20notes.B)Bundlesof￡20noteskeptturningup.C)Avillagerwassearchingforhislostcash.D)Abundlecontainingthousandsofpoundsgotstolen.6.A)Theyreturnittothefinder.B)Theygiveittocharity.C)TheyplaceanoticeinTheNorthernEcho.D)Theyhanditovertothelocalgovernment.7.A)Theycooperatedwellwiththepolice.B)Theyenjoyedafairlyaffluentlife.C)Theyhadastrongcommunityspirit.DTheywerepuzzledbythemysteryBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questionstoarebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)Excited.B)Strange.C)Delighted.D)Indifferent.9.A)Talkaboutfutureplanswithfriends.B)Lookbackontheiryearsatschool.C)Callontheirrelativesandfriends.D)Searchforthemeaningoftheirlife.AHelooksforwardtoreceivingpresentsfromhisclosefriends.B)Heenjoyscelebratingothers’birthdaysratherthanhisown.C)Helovesthembutdoesnotwanttomakeafuss.D)Hepreferstohavethemshownonsocialmedia.AExtendinvitationtothosehetrustsmost.B)Makeitanoccasiontocollectdonations.C)Holditonamodestscaletoremovebirthdayanxieties.DViewitasachanceforpeopletosocializeandhavefunQuestionstoarebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.ATherewastoolongadelay.B)Therewasaterriblesmell.C)Itwasabsolutelyexhausting.D)Shegotoffatthewrongstation.AShehasntsavedenoughmoneyB)Sheisusedtotakingpublictransport.C)Sheisworriedabouttrafficjams.D)Shehasn’tpassedthedrivingtestyet.heyarepopularB)Theyareabitexpensiveforher.C)Theyaredangerous.D)Theyareenvironmentallyfriendly.ByrentingabikeB)Bysharingaride.C)Bybus.D)ByjoggingctionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questionstoarebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.AHeisadeafpersonworkinginIT.B)Heisasignlanguageinterpreter.C)Hedoesn’tlikespeakingatmeetings.D)Hedoesn’tuseemailortextmessages.ABigadvancesinsignlanguageB)TransformationintheITindustry.C)Improvedcommunicationskills.D)Speechrecognitiontechnology.AHecanavoidbeingmistakenB)Hecanunderstandwithease.C)Hecantakenotesonthespot.D)Hecanseethespeakers’images.Questionstoarebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.ofindpurewhitewallsshiningB)Toenterahousewelllookedafter.C)Toseecheerfulcoloursallaround.omfamilymembers20.A)Paintingtheinterioroftheircupboards.B)Doingthepaintingjoballbythemselves.C)Designingallwindowframesthesameway.D)Choosingacolourbecauseitisfashionable.21.A)Paintthewoodenframeworksandwallsthesamecolour.B)Matchtheroom’sceilingwithallthefurnitureincolour.C)Hanglandscapepaintingsallround.D)Fitmostofthecupboardsintowalls.Questionstoarebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)Childrenshouldstartreadingatage3.B)Readingtotheirchildrenisimportant.C)Readingisahabiteverychildcandevelop.D)Childrenmustreadatleast3timesaweek.23.A)Thespeedoftheirbraindevelopmentininfancy.B)Thenumberofbookstheyhavereadbyagefour.C)Thenumberandqualityofbooksparentsreadtothemininfancy.D)Thequalityandquantityoftimeparentsspendplayingwiththem.24.A)Bookstellingveryinterestingstories.B)Bookswithpicturesofdollsandtoys.C)Booksdescribingthelivesofanimals.D)Bookswithspecificallylabeledimages.25.A)Shareexperiencewithotherparents.B)Createpicturebooksfortheirchildren.C)Choosecarefullywhattoreadtotheirchildren.D)Readasmanybooksaspossibletotheirchildren.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce．Phonesinfluenceallaspectsofteenagelife.Ninety-fivepercentofAmericansages13to17haveasmartphoneorhaveaccesstoone,andnearlyhalfreportusingtheinternet“almost26.”Butasrecentsurveydataandinterviewshavesuggested,manyteensfindmuchofthattimetobeunsatisfyinglyspent.Continuous27shouldn’tbemistakenforendlessenjoyment.Anew28representativesurveyabout“screentimeanddevicedistractions”fromthePewResearchCenterindicatesthatit’snotjustparentswhothinkteenagersareworryingly29fromtheirphones—manyteensthemselvesdotoo.Fifty-fourpercentofthe13-to-17-year-oldssurveyedsaidtheyspendtoomuchtime30intheirphones.VickyRideout,whorunsaresearchfirmthatstudieschildren’sinteractionswithmediaandtechnology,wasnotsurprisedbythisfinding.Shesaysit’shardly31toteenagers.“Theyaredealingwiththesamechallengesthatadultsare,asfarastheyarelivinginthe32ofatechenvironmentdesignedtosuckasmuchoftheirtimeontotheirdevicesaspossible,”Rideoutsays.Thewayparentsinteractwithtechnologycan33thewaytheyinteractwiththeirkids.Rideoutthusthinksit’suptoparentstomodelgood34:Kidstendtotakenoteiftheirparentsputtheirphoneawayatdinnerorchargeitinanotherroomwhiletheysleep.Witnessinghabitslikethatcanhelpkids“realizethattheycan35somemorecontrolovertheirdevices,”shesays.A)absorbedB)addictedC)behaviorD)constantlyE)contextF)exerciseG)inseparableH)nationallyI)recruitedJ)shapeK)solutionL)specificM)summaryN)usageO)vaguelyBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.ilGeniusA)AfewyearsagoIfoundmyselfteachingauniversityclassonevil.Itwasforthird-yearcriminologystudentstohelpthemcontextualizetheoryandresearchwithincontroversialcurrenttopics.Itwasahugesuccess.Thedebateswereheatedandinteresting.Icouldseepeople’sviewschangewithinthecourseofasinglelecture.Overthepast13years,asastudent,lecturerandresearcher,I’veenjoyeddiscussingthescienceofevilwithanyonewillingtolisten.WhatIlikemostisdestroyingthecliche(陳詞濫調(diào))ofgoodandevil,andreplacingthemwithscientificinsight.Weneedamoreinformedwayofdiscussingbehaviorthatatfirstwecannot,orshouldnot,begintounderstand.B)Withoutunderstanding,weriskdehumanizingothers,writingoffhumanbeingssimplybecausewedon’tcomprehendthem.Wemusttrytounderstandwhatwehavelabeledevil.Wetendtothinkevilissomethingthatotherpeopleare.Wethinkofourselvesas“goodpeople”,andevenwhenwedomorallywrongthings,weunderstandthecontextofourdecisions.Withothers,however,itisfareasiertowritethemoff.Iftheiractionsdeviate(偏離)substantiallyfromwhatweconsideracceptable,wemaylabelthemevil.Weneedtobecarefulwiththis.Callingsomeoneevilisoftensimilartosayingtheycannotchange,andperhapsaren’tevenahumanatall.However,whenyouactuallygomonster-hunting,andyoulookdeeplyatthepeoplebehindshockingbehavior,youmaybesurprised.C)AsachildIusedtolovetheScooby-Doocartoons.Arrivingintheir“MysteryMachine”,thegangwouldhavetofindamonsterwhowasterrorizinganeighborhood.Theywouldrunaroundlookingforcluesandattheendunmaskthebadguy.Itwasalwaysanormalpersoninacostume.Therewerenomonsters.LiketheScoobycrew,wemayfindourselveshuntingforaneasyfix,onewordforpeoplewhodobadthings.Butifwetakeagoodlook,theword“evil”isinsufficient—therearenosimpleexplanationsforwhyhumansdobadthings:insteadtherearemany,andtheyareallmarvelouslydifferent.D)Evilistypicallyreferredtowhenthereisdeviancefromsocialnorms:formaldevianceistheviolationoflaws,liketheft,murder,andattacks,whileinformaldevianceinvolvesviolationsofsocialnorms,likelying.Evilbehavioristypicallythoughttoembraceoneorbothforms.However,deviancecanalsodescribeabehaviorthatsimplydiffersfromthenorm.E)Perhapsthisiswherewecanfindthegoodsideofourbadside.Deviatingfromthenormcanmakeusvillains(惡棍),butitcanalsomakeusheroes.Achilddeviatesfromsocialpressureswhentheystandupforanotherchildbeingbulliedinschool.Asoldierdeviateswhentheychoosenottofolloworderstokillaninnocentcivilian.Anemployeeinabigtechcompanydeviateswhentheyexposeitswrongdoings.F)Creativityisalsoadeviation.Here,too,thingsarecomplex.Thinkingcreativelyhasgivenusmodernmedicine,technologyandmodernpoliticalstructures,butithasalsogivenuspoisonandnuclearweapons.Greatbenefitandgreatharmcancomefromthesamehumantendency.G)Inaresearchpaper,EvilGenius,publishedin2014,thebehavioralscientistsFrancescaGinoandScottWiltermuthwantedtoexaminewhetherpeoplewhobehaveunethicallyinonetaskaremorecreativethanothersonasubsequenttask,evenaftercontrollingfordifferencesinbaselinecreativeskills.Theunethicalbehaviortheychosewasdishonesty.H)Overfiveexperimentsresearchersgaveparticipantstasksinwhichtheycouldcheat.Inonestudy,theyweregivenmatrixes(矩陣)andhadtofindtwonumbersthataddedupto10.Participantswereaskedtoself-reporthowwelltheydidattheendofthestudy:59%cheatedbysayingthattheysolvedmorematrixesthantheyactuallyhad.I)Aftereachtask,theresearchersmeasuredparticipants’performanceontheRemoteAssociatesTest.Thisshowsparticipantsthreewordsatatimethatappeartobeunrelated,andthepersonhastothinkofafourthwordthatisassociatedwithallofthem.Forexample,youmightget“Fox,Man,Peep”,or“Dust,Cereal,Fish”.Inordertofindthelinkingwords(“Hole”forthefirst,“Bowl”forthesecond)youneedtobecreative.Themoreyougetright,themorecreativeyouarethoughttobebecauseyouhavecomeupwithuncommonassociations.J)Foreveryoneofthefivestudies,theyfoundthesamething—participantswhocheatedinthefirsttaskdidbetteronthecreativitytask.Why?Likeotherformsofunethicalbehavior,lyingmeansbreakingrules.Itinvolvesbeingdeviant,goingagainstthesocialprinciplethatpeopleshouldtellthetruth.Similarly,beingcreativeinvolves“thinkingoutsidethebox”,deviatingfromexpectations.Theyinvolvesimilarthoughtpatterns,sostimulatingonestimulatestheother.Canwelearnfromthis?Perhaps.Tobemorecreative,wecouldtrylyingincontrolledenvironment.Findonlinelogicgamesandcheatatthem,playScrabble(拼字游戲)withadictionary,orwriteastoryaboutsomethingthatisuntrue?Suchtaskscangetourbrainsthinkingflexibly,beyondournormalcomfortzone.Thisisnotacalltobecomeacompulsive(強迫性的)liar,butacontrolledliar.K)Inadditiontobenefitsforcreativity,deviancecanbeagoodthinginotherways.EvenPhilipZimbardo,theauthoroftheStanfordprisonexperiment,whoshowedhoweasilywecanbeledtobehavebadly,believesthatthefutureofdevianceresearchmayliemoreinunderstandingextremepro-socialbehavior,suchasheroism.Likeevil,weoftenviewheroismasonlyapossibilityforoutliers—forpeoplewhoareabnormal.ButZimbardoasks:“Whatifthecapabilitytoactheroicallyisalsofundamentallyordinaryandavailabletoallofus?”Somesayweshouldnevermeetourheroes,lesttheydisappointuswhenwefindouthownormaltheyare.Butthisshouldbeliberating,notdisappointing.Weareallcapableofbehavinglikeoutliers.It’stimeforustounderstanddeviance,andrealizeitspotentialforgoodaswellasforharm.36.Abehaviorthatdoesnotconformtosocialnormsmaybedescribedasbeingdeviant.37.Variousexperimentsfoundthatparticipantswhocheatedintheinitialtaskperformedbetterinthecreativitytest.38.Peoplemaybesimplyconsideredeviliftheirbehaviorsaremorallyunacceptabletous.39.Theresearchpublishedbytwoscientistswasintendedtoexaminetherelationshipbetweendishonestyandcreativity.40.Theauthor’slecturessparkedlivelydiscussionsinhisclass.41.Theresearcherstestedtheparticipants’creativitybyaskingthemtoplayawordgame.42.Itistimewerealizedthatdeviancemaybecapableofdoingbothgoodandharmtoindividualsandsociety.43.Thereasonsforpeople’sevilbehaviorscanbeexplainedinmorewaysthanone.44.Themathtaskinoneexperimentwasdesignedtotestparticipants’tendencytocheat.45.Somecreativeideashaveturnedouttodoharmtohumansociety.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Eventhoughwearelivinginanagewheregrowingoldisthoughtofasaninevitablemisery,thisdoctorhasbeenchangingthegameforseniorsoverthelast25years.Itallstartedin1991whentheHarvard-educatedphysicianwastransferredfromworkinginastressfulemergencyroomtobeingthemedicaldirectorofanursinghomeinupstateNewYork.Thedepressingandregimented(嚴格管制的)environmentgothimthinkingonwhatexactlycouldimprovetheresidents’conditions.Eventhoughanimalsinnursinghomeswereillegalatthetime,Dr.BillThomastookachance.Basedonahunch(直覺),hebroughtintwodogs,fourcats,hens,rabbits,100birds,amultitudeofplants,aflowergarden,andavegetablepatch.Thechangewasdramatic.Therewasa50%dropinmedicalprescriptionsalongwithadramaticdecreaseindeathrates—butmostimportantly,theresidentsweresimplyhappier.Dr.Thomas’sapproach,namedtheEdenAlternative,hasdrivennursinghomestoallowamoreautonomous(自主的)andcreativelivingspacefortheirelderly.Iterasesthebeliefthatgrowingoldmeansgrowinguseless.Heencouragesresidentstothinkoftheirageasanenrichingnewphaseofliferatherthantheendofit.Thomas,nowaspeakerandauthorofseveralbooks,alsocreatedsmall,independently-runresidenceswiththeirownbedroomsandbathrooms,andhehasbeenpreachingasingularmessagethatgettingoldisnotabadthing.“Withinsixweeks,theyhadtosendatruckaroundtopickupallthewheelchairs,”mastoldtheWashingtonPost.“Youknowwhymostpeopleinnursinghomesusewheelchairs?Becausethebuildingsaresobig.”The56-year-olddoctor’smethodshavebeenadoptedinAustralia,Japan,Canada,andAmericawithenormoussuccess.LastyearhepublishedSecondWind:NavigatingthePassagetoaSlower,Deeper,andMoreConnectedLife,aguideonhowtoshiftourperspectivesonagingandgrowth.HeiscurrentlytravelingthroughNorthAmericaperformingwithhisguitarandhisenthusiasmonhisAgeofDisruptionTour.WhathasBillThomasbeendoingforaquarterofacentury?A)Transformingpeople’slifestyle.B)HonoringhisHarvardeducation.C)Changingpeople’sphilosophyoflife.D)Shiftingpeople’sperspectiveonaging.WhydidBillThomastrysomethingdifferentinthenursinghome?A)Hewantedtomakeitmorepleasantforseniors.B)HewantedtoapplyhisHarvardtrainingtopractice.C)Hefeltithisdutytorevolutionizeitsmanagement.D)Hefeltdisappointedworkingintheenvironment.WhatdowelearnaboutBillThomasbringinganimalsandplantsintothenursinghome?A)Hemadeamessofthenursinghome.B)Hedidsomethingallprofessionalswoulddo.C)Hewoninstantsupportfromthestateauthorities.D)Heactedinviolationofthestatelaw.WhathasBillThomasbeenpersistentlyadvocating?A)Goodhealthisnotjustaprivilegeoftheyoung.B)Nursinghomesshouldbestrictlylimitedinsize.C)Gettingoldisbynomeanssomethingmiserable.D)Residencesforseniorsshouldberunindependently.HowisBillThomassnewconceptreceivedA)Itisgaininggroundinmanycountries.B)Itisbeingheatedlydebatedworldwide.C)Itisconsideredrevolutionaryeverywhere.D)Itiswinningapprovalfromthegovernment.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Researchshowsthatindevelopedcountries,moreaffluentandeducatedpeopletendtoconsumehigherqualitydiets—includingmorefruitsandvegetables,fishandwholegrains.Onthecontrary,economicallydisadvantagedpeoplereportdietsthatarenutrient-poorandenergy-dense.Theyarelesslikelytohavefoodpurchasinghabitsthatconformtopublichealthrecommendations.Thesedietarydifferencesareoftenaccompaniedbyhigherratesofobesityanddiabetesamonglowerincomepeople.Thisrelationshipbetweensocialclassanddietqualityandhealthisextensivelydocumented.However,theresearchdoesnotexplainwhythisisthecase—aquestionthathassignificantimplicationsfordesigningeffectivepoliciesandinitiativestoimprovedietsandpreventchronicdiseases.Public-healthinitiativestopromotehealthydietsoftenfocusonprovidingnutritioneducationandrecipes(食譜).Theseapproaches,however，oftenpresumelessfoodliteracy(i.e.foodknowledgeandskills)amonglow-incomepeople.Areunhealthydietsreallytheresultofpoorchoiceslimitedfoodskillsandknowledge?Researchsuggeststhatadultsinfood-insecurehouseholdsarejustaslikelyasthoseinfood-securehouseholdstoadjustrecipestomakethemmorehealthy.Theyarealsojustasproficientinfoodpreparationandcookingskills.Thereisnoindicationthatincreasingfoodskillsorbudgetingskillswillreducefoodinsecurity.Instead,disadvantagedgroupsareconstrainedbytheireconomic,materialandsocialcircumstances.Forexample,lowincomeisthestrongestpredictoroffoodinsecurityinCanada,whereoneineighthouseholdsexperiencesinsufficientaccesstonutritiousfoods.It’swell-establishedthatfoodpricesareanimportantdeterminantoffoodchoice.Low-incomehouseholdsreportthattheyfinditdifficulttoadoptdietaryguidelinesbecausefoodpricesareabarriertoimprovingtheirdiets.Whenresearchersestimatethecostofdietspeopleactuallyeat,higher-qualitydietsaretypicallymorecostly.Whilethismaybeso,itdoesnot,initself,provethathealthydietsarenecessarilymoreexpensiveorcostprohibitive.Afterall,notallsocioeconomicallydisadvantagedpeopleconsumepoordiets.Wecaneasilythinkofanumberoffoodsandrecipesthatarebothinexpensiveandnutritious.Theinternetisfullofrecipesfor“eatingwellonabudget.”Whatcanwelearnfromresearchondietsindevelopedcountries?A)Dietaryrecommendationsarenotfitforunderprivilegedpeople.B)Peoplefromdifferentsocialgroupsvaryintheirdietaryhabits.C)People’schoiceoffooddependsontheirindividualtaste.D)Thereisnoconsensusonwhathigh-qualitydietsare.Whatdoestheauthorsayisimportantinformulatingpoliciestoimprovedietsandhealth?A)Abetterunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweensocialclassandhealth.B)Agreateremphasisonstudyingthecauseofobesityandchronicdiseases.C)Prioritizingtheprovisionofbetternutritionforlowerclasses.D)Designingeducationprogramsandinitiativesonpublichealth.3.Whatdoesresearchrevealaboutadultsinfood-insecurehouseholds?A)Theireatinghabitsneedtobechanged.B)Theirfoodliteracyhasbeenimproving.C)Theydonotpaymuchattentiontotheirfoodrecipes.D)Theydonotlackfoodknowledgeorbudgetingskills.WhatwouldhelpimprovefoodsecurityamongthedisadvantagedgroupsinCanada?A)Teachingthembudgetingskills.B)Increasingtheirfoodchoices.C)Enablingthemtohavemoreaccesstonutritiousfoods.D)Takingmoreeffectivemeasurestoincreasefoodsupplies.55.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestdisadvantagedpeopledotoimprovetheirhealth?A)Adoptapositiveattitudetowardsdietaryguidelines.B)Choosedietsthatarebothhealthyandaffordable.C)Makesuretopurchasehealthyfoodson