(完整版)0132【英語(yǔ)】2018屆江蘇省高考英語(yǔ)零模(摸底考試)試卷分類(lèi)匯編--閱讀理解題,推薦文檔

1、2018 屆江蘇省高考英語(yǔ)零模（摸底考試）試卷分類(lèi)匯編-閱讀理解題（含任務(wù)型閱讀）（一） 2018 蘇州高三期初調(diào)研卷第三部分：閱讀理解 (共 15 小題；每小題 2 分，滿分 30 分)請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的 a、b、c、d 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ajeremy baras remembers the first time he ever saw a pop-up restaurant. the 26-year-old entrepreneur was on vacation in england four years ago and had to

2、 look up at the london eye ferries wheel to see it. hanging above him was a capsule（ 航 天 艙 ）full of diners who were served a new course each time a revolution was made. “i thought that was the coolest thing ever”, he says. baras, who founded popupr in 2012 to promote the idea of pop-up re

3、staurants in the usa, has been studying them ever since.pop-ups, which have been around since at least the early 2000s, are open anywhere from a few hours to several months, but their defining feature is that they are temporary. they may be only a tiny part of the $709 billion u.s. restaurant indust

4、ry, but pop-ups have gotten a boost in recent years as a lower-cost, lower-risk way for entrepreneurs to test the waters. some restaurant owners see them as a way to renew interest in existing locations. and some struggling cities, like oakland, california, have turned to them to help revitalize loc

5、al economies impacted by the recession（衰退）.the concept has been especially popular with up-and-coming chefs who want to test-drive asa menu concept without investing a fortune in a permanent space. “your cooks and chefs are really talented, but theyre stuck in the back of somebody elses kitchen cook

6、ing somebody elses menu,” says zach kupperman, chief businessman officer and co-founder of dinner lab.chefs in dinner lab cook in the middle of space, give a brief introduction about the menu and themselves and then bravely listen to diner feedback afterward. pop-ups temporary nature also allows res

7、taurateurs to charge a deposit to make sure the diners will show up.of course, trends in the food industry come and go quickly, and there is no guarantee that diners wont tire of the concept. some entrepreneurs have resorted to even weirder locations in a former limestone mine, say, or at the top of

8、 a crane to keep customers interested. “its not quite part of the mainstream economy yet.” says baras.51. what does the underlined part “a revolution was made” in paragraph one possibly mean?a. chefs designed creative dishes.b. diners tasted food in a new and creative way.c. the capsule containing d

9、iners made a circle.d. great changes were made in the food industry.52. perspective chefs are drawn to pop-ups due to the fact that.a. pop-ups are becoming increasingly popular with diners worldwideb. they have the desire to explore a safer way to make a livingc. their investment in pop-ups will bri

10、ng them a long-lasting fortuned. pop-ups provide a changeable test field for talented chefs creativity53. the writers purpose of writing the passenger is.a. to appeal to people to dine out in pop-up restaurantsb. to give a brief introduction of pop-up restaurantsc. to warn business owners of the app

11、earance of pop-up restaurantsd. to foresee the future of pop-up restaurants developmentbthe pills we take to treat anxiety may affect the behavior of fish, new research in the journalscience suggests.swedish researchers found a common drug in rivers downstream of wastewater treatment plants. it is a

12、 drug for treating anxiety, called oxazepam. it is accumulating in fish and makes them bolder. wastewater treatment plants are not designed to get rid of drugs. as a result, the drugs end up in wildlife, reaching harmful levels.“its something we dont think about very often, but there are a lot of si

13、milarities between fish and humans. so some of our responses to drugs can be seen in fish as well,” said karen kidd. she is a biologist at the university of new brunswick, canada. the mood-altering drugs get into waterways when people taking the prescriptions throw unused pills into the waste stream

14、.the researchers let perch（ 鱸 魚(yú) ）swim in lab tanks with concentrations similar to those found downstream from wastewater treatment plants. “the perch preferred to swim alone rather than in large groups. they were more likely to explore their environment,” said micael jonsson ofume university in swed

15、en, who helped lead the research.johsson said, “this adventurous behavior required more energy. and they ate more plankton（浮游生物）, or tiny algae-eating animals, to guarantee enough energy for their activities. this could reduce the population of plankton.” the result could be more algae（水藻）. on the o

16、ther hand, the new behavior could lead to the opposite effect. if perch make themselves closer to their natural enemies, they are likely to be eaten by them.none of the scientists is suggesting that people should give up these drugs. they just want toreduce the effects of the medicines on the enviro

17、nment. they recommend wastewater treatment plants should be redesigned to get rid of these medicines. but kidd said that would be too expensive for some communities.bryan brooks, director of the environmental health science program at baylor university, said drugs could also be designed to break dow

18、n more quickly in the environment. and the government could continue to run recycling programs where people drop off their unused drugs at government locations. brooks said hes particularly concerned about drug effects on aquatic（ 水生的）environments, like the trinity river south of dallas and the sout

19、h platte river neardenver, where the majority of the flow comes from treated wastewater. in the developing world,he said, the problem may be even worse, because of careless wastewater treatment and industrial regulations.54. which of the following best describes oxazepams effect on fish?a. it causes

20、 fish to be more daring.b. it makes fish much stronger.c. it has little influence on fish.d. it helps treat a fish disease.55. what will happen if perch become adventurous?a. they will eat more algae.b. there will be less plankton.c. they will need more oxazepam.d. their natural enemies will be stro

21、nger.56. what would be the best title for the passage?a. more wastewater treatment plants are neededb. fish in wastewater become more adventurousc. drugs for treating mental diseases end up in wildlifed. anxiety drugs found in rivers change the behavior of fishcculture can affect not just language a

22、nd customs, but also how people experience the world on surprisingly basic levels.researchers, with the help of brain scans, have uncovered shocking differences in perception（感知）between westerners and asians, what they see when they look at a city street, for example, or even how they perceive a sim

23、ple line in a square, according to findings published in a leading science journal.in western countries, culture makes people think of themselves as highly independent individuals. when looking at scenes, westerners tend to focus more on central objects than on their surroundings. east asian culture

24、s, however, emphasize inter-dependence. when easterners look at a scene, they tend to focus on surroundings as well as the object.using an experiment involving two tasks, dr hedden asked subjects to look at a line simplyto estimate its length, a task that is played to american strengths. in another,

25、 they estimated the lines length relative to the size of a square, an easier task for the asians.the level of brain activity, by tracking blood flow, was then measured by brain scanners. the experiment found that although there was no difference in performance, and the tasks were very easy, the leve

26、ls of activity in the subjects brains were different. for the americans, areas linked to attention lit up more, when they worked on the task they tended to find more difficult estimating the lines size relative to the square. for the asians, the attention areas lit up more during the harder task als

27、o estimating the lines length without comparing it to the square. the findings are a reflection of more than ten years of previous experimental research into east-west differences.in one study, for instance, researchers offered people a choice among five pens; four red and one green. easterners were

28、 more likely to choose a red pen while westerners were more likely to choose the green one.culture is not affecting how you see the world, but how you choose to understand and internalize（使內(nèi)化）it.but such habits can be changed. some psychological studies suggest that when an easternergoes to the west

29、 or vice versa, habits of thought and perception also begin to change. such research gives us clues on how our brain works and is hopeful for us to develop programs to improve our memory, memory techniques and enhance and accelerate our learning skills.57. according to the passage, chinese people ar

30、e most likely to.a. more emphasize independent thinkingb. always focus more on their surroundingsc. focus on the context as well as the objectd. think of westerners as highly independent units58. we know from the passage that peoples brains will be more active when.a. the task is much easierb. the b

31、lood flow is trackedc. people begin to choose colorsd. the task is more difficult59. what does dr heddens experiment in paragraph 4-5 indicate?a. culture has a great impact on the way people talk and behave.b. easterners and westerners perceive the world differently.c. peoples perception of the worl

32、d can be changed.d. americans are better at calculating than the asians.60. it can be inferred from the passage that.a. easterners prefer collectivism to individualismb. east asian cultures lay more emphasis on independencec. it took over ten years to find out how to improve our brainpowerd. america

33、ns will change their habits of perception when theyre in britaindmy grandmother rosalind einhorn was born exactly fifty-two years before i was, on august 28, 1917. like many poor jewish families in new york city, hers lived in a small, crowded apartment close to their relatives. her parents, aunts a

34、nd uncles addressed her male cousins by their given names, but she and her sister were referred to only as “girlie”.during the depression, my grandmother was pulled out of morris high school to help support the household by sewing fabric flowers onto undergarments that her mother could resell for a

35、tiny profit. no one in the community would have considered taking a boy out of school. a boys education was the familys hope to move up the financial and social ladder. education for girls, however, was less significant both financially, since they were unlikely to contribute to the familys income,

36、and culturally, since boys were expected to study the torah while girls were expected to run a “proper home”. luckily for my grandmother, a local teacher insisted that her parents put her back into school. she went on not only to finish high school but to graduate from u.c. berkeley.after college, “

37、girlie” worked selling pocketbooks and accessories at davids fifth avenue. when she left her job to marry my grandfather, davids had to hire four people to replace her. years later, when my grandfathers paint business was struggling, she jumped in and took some of the hard steps he was unwilling to

38、take, helping to save the family from financial ruin. she displayed her business ability again in her forties. after being diagnosed（診斷）with breast cancer, she beat it and then devoted herself to raising money for the clinic that treated her by selling some watches. girlie ended up with a profit tha

39、t apple would envy. i have never met anyone with more energy and determination than my grandmother.when my grandmother had children of her own my mother and her two brothers she emphasized education for all of them. my mother attended the university of pennsylvania. when she graduated in 1965 with a

40、 degree in french literature, she surveyed a workforce that she believed consisted of two career options for women: teaching or nursing. she chose teaching. she began a ph. d. programme, got married, and then dropped out when shebecame pregnant with me. it was thought to be a sign of weakness if a h

41、usband needed his wifes help to support their family, so my mother became a stay-at-home parent and an active volunteer. the centuries-old division of labor stood.even though i grew up in a traditional home, my parents had the same expectations for me, my sister, and my brother. all the three of us

42、were encouraged to do well in school, do equal routine tasks, and participate in after-school activities. we were all supposed to be athletic too. my brother and sister joined sports teams, but i was the kid who got picked last in gym, despite my athletic shortcomings. i was raised to believe that g

43、irls could do anything boys could do and that all career paths were open to me.when i arrived at college in the fall of 1987, my classmates of both genders seemed equally focused on academics. i dont remember thinking about my future career differently from the male students. i also dont remember an

44、y conversations about someday balancing work and children. my friends and i assumed that we would have both. men and women competed openly and aggressively with one another in classes, activities，and job interviews. just two generations removed from my grandmother, the playing field seemed to be lev

45、el.but more than twenty years after my college graduation, the world has not evolved nearly as much as i believed it would. almost all of my male classmates work in professional settings. some of my female classmates work full-time or part-time outside the home and just as many are stay-at-home moth

46、ers and volunteers like my mom. this mirrors the national trend. in comparison to their male counterparts（相同能力者）, highly trained women are scaling back and dropping out of the workforce in high numbers.61. why were the writers grandma and her sisters called “girlie”?a. they had not yet got their giv

47、en names.b. they were highly valued by their elders.c. they shared apparent similarities in many ways.d. they were regarded as less important than boys.62. what conclusion can we draw about the writers grandmother?a. she was an extraordinarily able and tough woman.b. she was full of ideas for solvin

48、g various problems.c. she benefited greatly from her family background.d. she had special ways of teaching her own children.63. what might people think when the writers mother gave up her job?a. her freedom of choice ought to be well respected.b. her job should be taken over by a younger person.c. i

49、t was a real shame about her losing that good job.d. it was quite normal for a woman like her to do so.64. from the description of the writers own life, we can see.a. great expectations in the students mindsb. seeming social progress in certain aspectsc. innocent friendship between boys and girlsd.

50、positive attitudes to work and competitions65. by writing the passage the writer intends to reveal.a. the necessity of womens educationb. the importance of womens liberationc. the existence of gender discriminationd. the lives of three generations of women第五部分：任務(wù)型閱讀 (共 10 小題；每小題 1 分，滿分 10 分)請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面的

51、短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意：請(qǐng)將答案寫(xiě)在答題卷上相應(yīng)題號(hào)的橫線上，每個(gè)空格只填一個(gè)單詞。when was the last time you read a book or a magazine article? do your everyday reading habits centre around updates on the internet? in case you are one of innumerable individuals who dont make a habit of reading consistently you may b

52、e passing up a great opportunity: reading has a noteworthy number of advantages and only a couple of advantages of reading are recorded below.everything you read fills your head with new bits of information and you never know when it might be useful to you. the more knowledge you have, the better- e

53、quipped you are to overcome any challenge youll ever face. additionally, heres a bit of food forthought：should you ever find yourself in terrible circumstances, remember that althoughyou might lose everything else your job, your possessions, your money, even your health knowledge can never be taken

54、from you.at the same time, the more you read, the more words you gain exposure to, and theyll surely make their way into your everyday vocabulary. being able to express your ideas clearly in words is of great help in any profession and knowing that you can speak to higher-ranking people with self-co

55、nfidence can be a great encouragement to your self-esteem（自尊）. it could even aid in your career as those who are well-read, well-spoken, and knowledgeable on a variety of topics tend to get promotions more quickly (and more often) than those with smaller vocabularies and lack of awareness of literat

56、ure, scientific breakthroughs, and global events. reading books is also vital for learning new languages, as non-native speakers gain exposure to words used in context, which will improve their own speaking and writing fluency.when you read a book, you have to remember a lot of characters, their bac

57、kgrounds, ambitions, history as well as the various plots that weave their way through every story. thats a fair bit to remember, but brains are wonderful things and can remember these things with relative ease. amazingly enough, whenever you remember something new, new synapses are formed and exist

58、ing ones are strengthened. how cool that is!no matter how much stress you have at work, in your personal relationships, or countless other issues faced in daily life, it all just slips away when you lose yourself in a great story. a well-written novel can transport you to other realms（ 領(lǐng) 域 ）while an interesting article will distract you and keep you in the present mo