高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：狀語(yǔ)從句課件

1、狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句主要用來(lái)修飾主句或主句的謂語(yǔ)。一般可分為九大類(lèi)，分別表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、比較和方式。狀語(yǔ)：狀語(yǔ)常用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。He writes carefully. (carefully修飾write, 說(shuō)明“寫(xiě)”的方式，是方式狀語(yǔ))He played football at school. (at school說(shuō)明“踢足球”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)，作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))He bought a dictionary yesterday. (yesterday說(shuō)明“買(mǎi)字典”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))He is terribly ill.

2、 (terribly修飾形容詞ill, 說(shuō)明“病”的程度，作程度狀語(yǔ))時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句1常用引導(dǎo)詞：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since, till, until特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day, the instant, immediately, directly, no sooner.than, hardly.when, scarcely.when1. when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句1)可以引導(dǎo)短暫動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，也可引導(dǎo)延續(xù)動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞，可以指動(dòng)作發(fā)生前，

3、可以指動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，也可指動(dòng)作發(fā)生后?？梢蕴娲鷚hile和as的一些用法。As/ When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.When/ While I lived there, I made quite a few friends.When I got there, the train had left. (相當(dāng)于before)When I get there, I will tell you the whole story. (相當(dāng)于after)when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句2) when作“既然”解英語(yǔ)解釋作since; considering that

4、 既然；考慮到How can they learn anything when they spend all their spare time watching television? 他們把所有的空閑時(shí)間都用來(lái)看電視了，還能學(xué)什么東西呢？How can he succeed when he wont work? 既然他不肯工作，那他怎么會(huì)成功呢?Why did you stay in a hotel when you could stay in your own home?既然你能住在家里，為什么要住旅館呢？when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句3) when作“這時(shí)”講（此時(shí)為并列連詞）be doing

5、.when 表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在就進(jìn)行的時(shí)候，突然間發(fā)生了另外一件事。主句多用進(jìn)行時(shí)主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，when后用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，“剛.這時(shí).”be about to do.when, “正要.這時(shí).”和其他表正在進(jìn)行的句式連用I was on my way home with a friend yesterday when I found a moblie phone by the roadside. 昨天我和一個(gè)朋友正走在回家路上，這時(shí)我看到路邊有個(gè)手機(jī)。 as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句21. 強(qiáng)調(diào)主句與從句的動(dòng)作或事情同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，或表示某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生，另一動(dòng)作立即發(fā)生The runners star

6、ted as the gun went off.A cat ran out as I opened the door.2. as還可表示“隨著時(shí)間推移”，此時(shí)不能用when或while代替I love you more and more each day as time goes by.as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句3. as time goes by 與 with time goes bywith是介詞，后面不能跟句子；as可以作連詞，后面可以跟句子。With time going by, I gradually realize the importance of health.隨著時(shí)間的流逝，我逐漸

7、意識(shí)到健康的重要性。As time goes by, sleeping becomes less of a problem. 隨著時(shí)間的推移，睡眠逐漸不再成為問(wèn)題。while引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作必須是延續(xù)性的3It was raining hard while we got there. 把while改為when，因?yàn)間et是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。1) 主句和從句都可延續(xù)，動(dòng)作并列同時(shí)發(fā)生2) 從句延續(xù)，主句不延續(xù)，但主句動(dòng)作是在從句動(dòng)作延續(xù)的過(guò)程中發(fā)生的while有時(shí)還可以表示對(duì)比、轉(zhuǎn)折（此時(shí)是并列句）He is quite short while his sister is quite tall.

8、表示“一.就.”的結(jié)構(gòu)41. as soon as2. hardly/scarcely.when; no sooner.than當(dāng)hardly/scarcely和no sooner位于句首時(shí)，主句要用倒裝語(yǔ)序He had hardly sat down when the bell rang. Hardly had he sat down when the bell rang.這兩個(gè)句型的時(shí)態(tài)規(guī)律：主句常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)3. the moment, the second, the minute, the instant名詞詞組起連詞作用，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)后面不能再用when。I

9、 will go fishing the moment when the rain stops. 4. directly, immediately, instantly用作連詞He made for the door directly he heard the knock.原因狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：because, since, as特殊引導(dǎo)詞：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that1. because的用法1) because 不能和so連用兩個(gè)分句一般只用一個(gè)連詞，用了“因?yàn)椋╞ecause, as, sinc

10、e等）”就不用“所以（so）”；用了“雖然（although, though）”就不用“但是（but）”2) 在The reason why.is that.句式中，that不能換成because2.表示已經(jīng)知道的原因時(shí)用as或sinceSince we have no money, we cant buy that vase.As it is raining, youd better take a taxi.3. for表原因（此時(shí)為并列連詞）1) 不是說(shuō)明直接原因，而是表示從結(jié)果加以推斷，即倒果為因He must be ill, for he is absent today.(他一定是病了

11、，因?yàn)樗裉觳辉谶@兒。)It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. (昨天夜里一定是下雨了，因?yàn)榈孛婧軡瘛?2) for從句表原因放在主句前面時(shí)，for相當(dāng)于becauseHe is absent today, because/for he is ill.4. now that “既然”，實(shí)際上是達(dá)到一定條件后，下一步做什么事Now that everyone is here, lets begin our lesson.Now that youve heard of it, let me tell you the whole

12、story.5. in that常譯作“因?yàn)椤薄Ｒ部砂裪n看作介詞，表示從某方面來(lái)說(shuō)，that可以看作引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，位于介詞后不能省略。because 與 because of1) because 是連詞，其后接句子；because of 是復(fù)合介詞，其后接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、what從句等I didnt buy it because it was too expensive.He lost his job becasue of his laziness.She was upset because of what he had done.2) because 所引導(dǎo)的從句除用作原因狀語(yǔ)外，還可

13、用作表語(yǔ)。而復(fù)合介詞because of所引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)通常用作狀語(yǔ)而不用作表語(yǔ)。條件狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：if, unless特殊引導(dǎo)詞：as/so long as, only if, provided that, suppose/supposing that, in case that, on condition that, in the event of1. if 引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“如果”2. unless除非，相等于if.not.Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired.If you are not too tired, let

14、s go out for a walk.3. as long as只要條件狀語(yǔ)從句4. once 一旦once作“一旦”講時(shí)，實(shí)際有兩個(gè)意思：1) 一.就. “as soon as”O(jiān)nce Ive found somewhere to live Ill send you my address.2) 從.時(shí)候起 “from the moment when”Remember that you wont be able to cancel the contract once youve signed.5. on condition that 以.為條件 條件狀語(yǔ)從句6. providing (th

15、at)/ provided (that)此時(shí)，providing和provided都為連詞，可換用Hes welcome to come along, provided that he behaves himself.Well buy everything you produce, provided/ providing the price is right.7. suppose/ supposing (that)此時(shí)，suppose和supposing都為連詞，可以換用Suppose we miss the train-what will we do then?Wed love to com

16、e and see you on Sunday, supposing (=if) I dont have to work that day.條件狀語(yǔ)從句if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句不能用will表將來(lái)，但可以用to beIf you are to succeed, you must work hard.will用在if條件狀語(yǔ)從句中時(shí)，不是表將來(lái)而是表意愿當(dāng)主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí)，條件狀語(yǔ)從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。但有時(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句也有用will的，此時(shí)will是表示“意愿”，相當(dāng)于be willing to, 而不是表將來(lái)。If you will be quiet, Ill tell you what h

17、appened.方式狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：as, as if/ as though特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the wayas.按照.When in Rome, do as the roman do.as if, as though1) 兩者的意義和用法相同，引出狀語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)多用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與事實(shí)相反；有時(shí)也用陳述語(yǔ)氣，表示所說(shuō)情況是事實(shí)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。常譯作“仿佛.似的” “好像.似的”He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.as if/ as though 也可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)分詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)或無(wú)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)He stared