牛津高中英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的全部考點(diǎn)和記憶技巧

1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的基本內(nèi)容【開頭引入】If如果（如果有兩種可能，有可能發(fā)生的，不可能發(fā)生的。）有可能發(fā)生 If it rains tomorrow, I wi I I not go to the park.不可能發(fā)生 虛擬語(yǔ)氣，例如，如果我是姚明，。虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話人的愿望，假設(shè)，猜測(cè)或建議，而不表示客觀存 在的事實(shí)。所以，凡表示與事實(shí)不符的假設(shè)，想象，愿望時(shí)，需用虛 擬語(yǔ)氣表達(dá)。一、If引導(dǎo)的虛擬（一）If引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，可用下表表示。從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反d i d/wereWou1d/cou1d/shou1d/mi ght do與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反Had doneWou1d/cou1d/shou1d/

2、mi ght have done與將來(lái)時(shí)間相反weredoto doWou1d/cou1d/shou1d/mi ght do例如：與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反： If I had wings, I wouId fIy over the sea.I f she were r ich, she would buy a bigger house.If there were no gravity, we would not be abIe to waIk on the earth.與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反：If You had gone to the party, You would have seen YaoMing.If

3、 you had taken my advice, you would vot have failed in the exam.與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反:If he were to tomorrow, We would have the meeting.If he should come tomorrow, We could go to the park together.If there were a heavy snow next Monday, we wouId not go skat i ng.（二）if虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件句的省略倒裝。如果虛擬條件從句中有were,had, should,可把 if

4、省略，把 如果虛擬條件從句中有were,had, shoul d提到主語(yǔ)前面,成為倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 had, shoul d提到主語(yǔ)前面,成為倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 If I were you, I wouIdaccept the chailenges.Were I you, I wouIdWere I you, I wouIdaccept the chaI Ienges If you had informed me earl ier, I wouldn，t have signed the contract.Had you informed me ear I ier, I wouldn t have signe

5、d the contract.If she should be my daughter, I wouldn，t a I I ow her to study abroad.Shou I d she be my daughter, I wouldn , t a I I ow her to study abroad.VIP Tips : Were it not for”如果要不是 Had it not beenfor”如果當(dāng)時(shí)要不是”Were it not for your he I p, I wou Id never be a good boss.要不是你的幫助，我永遠(yuǎn)成不了一個(gè)好的老板。Had

6、it not been for you, I would have lost my way.當(dāng)時(shí)要不是你，我就迷路了。*如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否定形式，不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式。3. If it weren t for the expense, I wouId go broad now.Were it not for the expense, I wouId go abroad now.Had she worked harder, she (succeed).I f the I awyer had been here I ast Saturday, he me from going, (prevent)s

7、uch a d i saster, the damage wou I d bei nca I cu I able, (occur)he today, he wou I d get there by Fr i day.(leave)If there were Iife on Mars, such I ife forms unabIe to survive on the earth, (be)一Did you remind him of the meeting-No, if I at home, I would have, (be)一John went to the hospital a I on

8、e.一If he me about it , I wouId have gone with him.A. should tel I B. tells C. told D. had to I dIf we the other road, we might have arrived here intime for the meeting.A. take B. had taken C. took D. have takenTh i s pr i nter i s of good qua I i ty. I f i t break down within the first year, we wou

9、I d repa i r it at our expense.A. wouId B. should C. couId D. mightHad I know about thi s computer program, a huge amount of time and money .A. wouId have been savedB. had been savedA. wouId have been savedB. had been savedwi I I be savedwas savedwi I I be savedwas saved二、錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句注意：考試時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)一種情況，從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生

10、的時(shí)間和主句動(dòng)作發(fā) 生的時(shí)間不一致，被稱為“錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句”，我們要分別根據(jù)從句 和主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間對(duì)其進(jìn)行虛擬。例如：If you had f o 11 owed my advice just now, you would be better now.如果你剛才聽了我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就好多了。If you had studied hard before, you would be a co I Iege student now.如果你以前好好學(xué)習(xí)的話，你現(xiàn)在就是大學(xué)生了。If he were free today, we would have sent him to Bei j ing.如

11、果他今天方便的話，我們就可以把他送到北京去了。Exercises 2May be if I science, and not Iiterature then, I wouId be abIe to give you more he Ip.A. studied B. would study C had studied D. was study i ngLook! I f we had begun to do the work yesterday morn i ng, we ourseIves just I ike them.A. wouId have enjoyedB. were to enjo

12、yC. shouId enjoyD. would be enjoyingIf you had taken the medicine yesterday, you so badnow.A. wouldn t have fe 11B. don t fee IC. wouldn t be fee I i ngD. aren t fee I i ngIf the United States had built more homes for the poor in 1995, the hous i ng prob I ems now i n some parts of th i s country so

13、 ser i ous.B. won t beA. wouldn, t beB. won t bewi I I not have beenwouId not have beenwi I I not have beenwouId not have been三、含蓄條件句。有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件從 句，而是通過(guò)介詞短語(yǔ)，副詞，連詞替代來(lái)代替條件從句。例如：.如果沒(méi)有你的幫助，我們不可能提前完成任務(wù)。If it had not been for your help, we couldn t have f ini shedthe work ahead of time.

14、Had it not been for your he Ip, Without/ But for your help.我那天生病了，否則，我就參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)了。If I had not been i I I that day, I wouId have taken part in the sports meeting.I wou Id have taken part i n the sports meet ing, but I was i I I that day.I was i I I that day. Otherwise, I wouId have taken part inthe spor

15、ts meet i ng.四、特殊句式1.饅頭-面條原理用于表示建議，決定，命令等詞語(yǔ)后的that-從句用在suggest （建議），i ns i st （堅(jiān)決要求），order （命令，下令）， advise （勸告，忠告），propose （提議，建議），recommend （勸告，建 議）和require（法規(guī)要求，規(guī)定）等動(dòng)詞之后的that-賓語(yǔ)從句中，從 句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用（should） +動(dòng)詞原形。He suggested that we （should） start off ear Iy the next day.They insisted that the boy （should）

16、 go with them.He advi sed that she （should） wait for a few weeks.We proposed that someone neutraI （shouId） take the chai r.Teachers recommend parents （should） not allow thei r chi Idren under 12 to r ide bicycles to school for safety.注意：當(dāng)suggest表示“暗示”，“表明”之意，insist表示“堅(jiān)持 認(rèn)為“，后面的賓語(yǔ)從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。The smile o

17、n his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.The man insisted that he had never stole the money.用在 idea, suggest ion, advice, request, proposa I, demand, order, plan等名詞之后的that-表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。從句謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞用(shou I d) +動(dòng)詞原形。My idea is that we (should) think it over before accepting it.We a I I agree

18、d to hi s suggest i on that we (shou I d) go to Dalian for sightseeing.Your advice that she (should) wait till next week is reasonable.He ignored the neighbor s requests that he (shouId) make I ess noise.My demand is that the information referred in my report (should) be emailed to Mr. Brown without

19、 de I ay.(3) It is suggested/ strange/ important/necessary/ essential/ recommended/ natural/ a pity that +從句。從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 (shouId) +動(dòng)詞原形。如果從句動(dòng)作先發(fā)生，則用shouId have+過(guò)去分詞。It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.It is strange that he should have acted towards his parents I i ke tha

20、t.It was necessary that he (shouId) I eave immediately.It is absoIuteIy essent ia I that a I I the facts (shouId) be examined fi rst.11 is recommended that the work (should) not be started unti I a I I the preparations have been made.注意：當(dāng)suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist表示“堅(jiān)持說(shuō), 力言”之意，后面不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例如： The smile

21、on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.他臉上的微笑表明他對(duì)我們的工作很滿意。 The man i ns i sted that he had never stoIen the money.那個(gè)人堅(jiān)持他沒(méi)有偷錢。常用必背：61個(gè)堅(jiān)持：insist1個(gè)決定：decide個(gè)命令：order/ command個(gè)要求：demand/requi re/des i re個(gè)建議：adv i se/propose/suggest/recommendVIP Tips :虛擬語(yǔ)氣在從句中的運(yùn)用,主要在在上面這些表示建議命 令要求等的詞匯后

22、面，用should+動(dòng)詞原形。要熟記上面的詞匯，同 時(shí)要掌握這些詞匯的名詞形式及有的形容詞的形式，在考試時(shí)題目有 時(shí)會(huì)故意省略should,自己要根據(jù)這些提示詞來(lái)判斷后面的虛擬語(yǔ) 氣。Exercises 3The guard at the gate insisted that everybodythe ru I es. (obey)I don t think it advisable that Tom to the job sinee he was experienced, (assign)My suggestion is that the exper iment inanother way.

23、 (do)It is of utmost importance that you here on time.(be)It was proposed that the matter at thenext meeting, (discuss)The doctor has gi ven the order that the pat i ent abath every day. (have)It is vital that you our competitor to knowour p I an. (permit)Emphas i s is laid on the necessity that a I

24、 I the object i vesi nto account before start i ng a new project.(take)He did his homework carefuI Iy for fear that he.A. made a mistakeB. makes a mi stakeC. make a mi stakeD. wouId make a mistakeIt is decided that he for a bus to meet theguests from Bei j i ng.A. caI IB. callsC. arrangeD. arrangedw

25、ish引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句表示一種不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成如下：表達(dá)意義賓語(yǔ)從句動(dòng)作一wish從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)examp Ies與現(xiàn)在 事實(shí)想 法的愿 望從句動(dòng)作與wish同時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)I wish I were a bi rd and couId fly free Iy i n the sky.與過(guò)去 事實(shí)相 反的愿 望從句動(dòng)作先于wish過(guò)去完成時(shí)I wish I had met that film star yesterday.將來(lái)難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望從句動(dòng)作后于wi shCouId/wo uId/mi gh t+動(dòng)詞原 形I wish I couId go to Brazi I

26、and watch the WorId Cup.注意：此語(yǔ)法規(guī)則同樣適用于if only+句子:how I wish +that從would rather + 賓語(yǔ)從句如用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其構(gòu)成為wou I d rather+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式/過(guò)去完成時(shí)（從 句動(dòng)作先發(fā)生），意為“我寧愿”She wi I I get home at dinner time, but I wouId rater she got home a IittIe ear I ier.He didn t attend the meet i ng. I wouId rather he had beenpresent.Exercises

27、 4They offered th i s expensive wine, but frank Iy I d rather they(offer) me some beer.I wish I abIe to taIk it over with him when he was here Iast n i ght. (be)Look at the terr i b Ie situation I am i n! How I wi sh I your advice, (take)Sometimes I wish I in a different time and a different pI ace.

28、 (Iive)Wouldn t you rather your child bed early (go)His wife wouId rather that they about thematter any more, (not taIk)If only the exp I os i on, those peop I e wou I d not have been killed. (happen)How I wi sh it(rain). If iti n a few days, the crops wouId be saved, (ra i n)George is going to taIk

29、 about the geography of his country, but I wouId rather he more on its culture, (focus)It is (high) time (that) 意為(現(xiàn)在)該，表示提議。從句前無(wú)that,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。 如果有that,用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式或用should+動(dòng)詞原形。It is (high) time you went to schooI.It is (high) time that you went to school.It is (high) time that we should start out.if引導(dǎo)的從

30、句as if引導(dǎo)的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表達(dá)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，從 句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式；先于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，用過(guò)去完成式；后于主句 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。He Iooks as if he were an artist.He speaks Engl ish so f IuentIy as if he had studied Engl ish i n Amer i ca.He I earns Eng I i sh so hard as i f he wou I d go to the USA.Exercises 5She was sitting quietly in the garden as

31、if nothing to him. (happen)He fought as hard as if his wife in danger, (are)It s high time you him for hi s be i ng I ate. (cr iticize)Looking around the smaI I village, he fe11 as though he from an evi I dream, (wake)Dr. Bethune worked hard as if he t i red.(never fell)It is high time that such a p

32、ractice an end to. (put)Isn t it high time we responsibly, with our nation s future in mind (I ive)The tree Iooked as if it for a Iong time.(not water)The whole fami Iy greet me as if I a member of thefami I y. (be)5.在高考中，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞運(yùn)用在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中表示責(zé)備和批評(píng)語(yǔ)氣?！皊hould (ought to / couId/ may/ might) +have done ” 表示 “

33、過(guò) 去應(yīng)該做而未做到”的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。該結(jié)構(gòu)的否定形式則表示“過(guò)去不該做的事情卻做了”的意思，是一 種委婉的責(zé)備。語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)的是should,語(yǔ)氣最弱的是mighto. cou Id have done 本能夠做而未做/ ought to have done本應(yīng)該做而未做t have done 本不必做而做了have done 本可能做而未做rather have done 寧愿做過(guò)某事wou I d ( shou I d) like/ I ove to havedone 本想做而未做 具體講解:.表示委婉批評(píng)cou Id/ may/ might +have done結(jié)構(gòu)，常譯為“本可以做得更一些”

34、You are I ate aga i n. You could have come ear Ii er.你又來(lái)晚了，你本應(yīng)該早一點(diǎn)來(lái)的。You ve made a few mistakes. You might have been a I ittIe b it more carefuI.你犯了幾個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，你本應(yīng)該更細(xì)心些。.表示強(qiáng)烈責(zé)備Shou I d/ ought to have done結(jié)構(gòu)，常譯為“本應(yīng)該做的更一 些，結(jié)果”You shouId have told me ear I ier that you weren t able to come.你本應(yīng)該早點(diǎn)告訴我你不能來(lái)的。（暗示我

35、在這里已經(jīng)等了很長(zhǎng) 時(shí)間了。）You shouldn, t have failed this time.你這次本不該失敗的。（暗示對(duì)你這次失敗的不滿）.表示本來(lái)沒(méi)有必要needn t + have+過(guò)去分詞 結(jié)構(gòu)，常譯為“做了不必要做的事 情”You needn t have told him. He has a I ready known about i t.你當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有必要告訴他，他已經(jīng)知道了。It s so near. We needn t have taken a taxi.這么近，當(dāng)時(shí)我們沒(méi)有必要做出租車的。VIP Tips 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的推測(cè)時(shí)C

36、an / Gou I d +主語(yǔ)+ have done （疑問(wèn)句）可能做過(guò)某事嗎Can t / Couldn t have done（否定句）不可能做過(guò)某事may/ might + have done （肯定句） 可能做過(guò)某事must have done （肯定句） 一定做過(guò)某事高考速遞（2012 浙江，19） Had they known what was comi ng next, they second thoughts.A. may haveB. couId haveC. must havehadD. might have had（2012 江蘇，35） Happy birthday!

37、Thank you ! It s the best present I for.A. shouId have wishedB. must havewi shedC. may have wishedD. couId havewi shed（2012 山東，30） If we adequate preparations, theconference wouldn t have been so successfuI.A. haven? t madeB. wouldn tmakeC. must have hadD. hadn tmade（2012 安徽，31） Grace doesn, t want

38、to move to New York because she thinks if she there, she wouldn t be able tosee his parents very often.I i veswould I ivehas I i vedI i veswould I ivehas I i vedD. were to I i ve（2012,北京，35） Don t hand Ie the vase as i f it madeof steeI.A. isB. wereC. has beenD. had beenKeys: DDDDC虛擬語(yǔ)氣練習(xí)題The guard a

39、t the gate insisted that everybody the ru I es.A. obeys B. obey C. wi I I obey D. wouId obeyI wish I you yesterday.A. seen B. d id see C. had seen D. were to see1 f he , he that food.LuckiIy he was sent to the hospitaI immediately.was warned; wouId not takehad been warned; wou Idwas warned; wouId no

40、t takehad been warned; wou Idnot have takenC. would be warned; had not taken D. wouId have been warned; had not takenWithout eIectr icity human I ife quite different today,A. is B. will be C. wouId have been D. wouId beWhen a pen i s part I y i n a glass of water, it I ooks as i f itA. breaks B. has

41、 broken C. were broken D. had been brokenYou d i d not I et me dr i ve. I f we i n return, you so t i red.A. drove; didn tB. drove; wouIdn, tC. dr i vi ng; wouIdn, t getD. had dr i ven; wouIdn, thave gotI didn, t see your unc Ie at the party. I f he, he wouId have said hello to me.wouId comehad come

42、C. cameD. did comewouId comehad comeC. cameD. did comeit for your he I p, I couldn t have made anyprogress.A. Had; not been B. Shou Id; not be C. Did; not beD. Not; beMr Smi h was bad I y ill, or he our d i nner party.A. shou I d come to B. wou I d have attended C. wou I d come to D. shouId have att

43、endedI f on I y he quietly as the doctor i nstructed, he wou I dnot suffer so much now.A. I i es B. I ay C. had laid D. shou I d I i eWhat wouId have happened A. Bob had waIked fatherB. i f Bob shouId waIk fatherC. had Bob waIked fatherD. i f Bob waIked fatherBe I I remembers everyth i ng exact I y

44、as i f i t yesterday.A. was happeni ng B. happens C. has happened D. happenedIt is a pity we can t find him. If he here, heus how to do it.A. were; to I d B. were; wou Id te I I C. had been; had toldD. had been; toldIf we 200 years old, we everything.A. were to be; couId change B. had been; changedC. were; wouId have changed D. should be; changedIf your father th is, he wouId be angry.A. knows B. knewC. had known D. would know your address, I wouId have wr itten to you.A. Did I know B. Were I to know C. Had I kno