考研考博-英語-天水師范學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天水師范學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Infact,anumberofrecentdevelopmentssuggestthatnewmediamayactuallybethesalvationofoldmedia;thatonlinenewspapers,Webzines,ande-bookscouldpreserveandextendthebestaspectsoftheprintculturewhileaugmentingitwiththeirvarioustechnologicaladvantages.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.limiting

B.maintaining

C.distinguishing

D.increasing

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。橫線單詞augmenting意為“增加；增大”；A選項(xiàng)“l(fā)imiting”意為“限制；限定”；B選項(xiàng)“maintaining”意為“維持；繼續(xù)；維修；主張”；C選項(xiàng)“distinguishing”意為“區(qū)分；辨別”；D選項(xiàng)“increasing”意為“增加；增大；提高；增強(qiáng)”。句意：事實(shí)上，最近的一些發(fā)展表明，新媒體實(shí)際上可能是傳統(tǒng)媒體的救贖；在線報(bào)紙、網(wǎng)絡(luò)雜志和電子書可以保留和擴(kuò)展印刷文化的最好方面，同時(shí)用它們的各種技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)擴(kuò)大它。由題干可知，while是連詞，意為“與此同時(shí)”，說明while前后意思相近而不是轉(zhuǎn)折。preserveandextend（保留和擴(kuò)展）表示傳統(tǒng)印刷業(yè)將繼續(xù)擴(kuò)張。由此可知，augmenting在此處最可能是“增大”的意思。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Massivechangesinalloftheworld'sdeeplycherishedspoilinghabitsareunderway.Whetherit'soneofLondon'sparksfullofpeopleplayingsoftball,andRussianstakinguprugby,ortheSuperbowlrivalingtheBritishFootballCupFinalasatelevisedspectatoreventinBritain,thepatternsofplayersandspectatorsarechangingbeyondrecognition.Wearewitnessingaglobalizationofourspoilingculture.

Thatannualbicyclerace,theTourdeFrance,muchlovedbytheFrenchisagoodcaseinpoint.JustafewyearsbackitwasastrictlycontinentalaffairwithFrance,BelgiumandHolland,SpainandItalytakingpart.ButinrecentyearsithasbeendominatedbyColombianmountainclimbers,andAmericanandIrishriders.Thepeoplewhoreallymatterwelcometheshifttowardglobalization.Peugeot,MichelinandPanasonicaremulti-nationalcorporationsthatwantworldwidereturnsforthemillionstheyinvestinteams.Soitdoesthemliterallyaworldofgoodtoseethisunofficialworldchampionshipbecomejustthat.Thisisundoubtedlyaneconomic-basedrevolutionwearewitnessinghere,onemadepossiblebycommunicationstechnology,blitmadetohappenbecauseofmarketingconsiderations.SellthegameandyoucansellCocaColaorBudweiseraswell.

TheskillfulwayinwhichAmericanfootballhasbeensoldtoEuropeisagoodexampleofhowallsportswilldevelop.Theaimofcourseisnotreallytospreadthesportforitsownsake,buttoincreasethenumberofpeopleinterestedinthemajormoneymakingevents.TheeconomicsoftheSuperbowlarealreadyastronomical.WilliscatsatUS$125,gatereceiptsalongwereastaggering$10,000,000.Themostimportantstatisticoftheday,however,wasthe$100,000,000inTVadvertisingfees.Imaginehowmuchthatbecomeswhentheeyesoftheworldarewatching.

Soitcameasaterribleshock,butnotreallyasasurprise,tolearnthatsomepeoplearenowsuggestingthatsoccerchangefrombeingagameoftwo45-minutchalves,tooneoffour25-minutequarters.Theideaisunashamedlytocapturemoreadvertisingrevenue,withoutgivinganythoughtfortheintegrityofasportwhichrelicsforitsessenceontheflowingnatureoftheaction.

Moreover,assportsexpandintoworldmarkets,andasourchoiceofsportsasconsumersalsogrows,sowewilldemandtoseethattheyplayatahigherandhigherlevel.Inboxingwehavealreadyseennumerous,dubiousworldtitlecategoriesbecausepeoplewillnotpaytoseeanythinglessthana“WorldTitle”fight,andthismeansthatthetitlefightshavetobeheldindifferentcountriesaroundtheworld!

1.Globalizationofsportingculturemeansthat（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTrelatedtothemassivechanges?

3.Asisusedinthepassage,"globalization"comesclosestinmeaningto

（

）.

4.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthesuggestiontochangesoccerintooneoffour25-minutequarters?

5.Whyshouldthetitlefightsinboxingbeheldindifferentcountriesoftheworld?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.morepeoplearetakingupsports.

B.traditionalspoilsaregettingpopular.

C.manylocalsportsarebecominginternational.

D.foreignersaremoreinterestedinlocalsports.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Goodeconomicreturns.

B.Revivaloftraditionalgames.

C.Communicationstechnology

D.Marketingstrategies.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.‘‘commercialization’’

B.“westernization”

C.“speculation”

D.“standardization”

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Favorable.

B.Unclear.

C.Reserved.

D.Critical.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Becausetheyareveryexciting.

B.Becausepeopledonotwanttopaytoseethem.

C.Becausepeoplewanttoseethemostexcitinggames.

D.Becausetheyarelessexciting

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目問的是“運(yùn)動(dòng)文化全球化的含義是……”。文章第一段最后一句提到“我們正在目睹一場(chǎng)體育文化的全球化過程”（Wearewitnessingaglobalizationofourspoilingculture）。接下來舉了自行車競(jìng)賽（bicyclerace）的例子，提到自行車競(jìng)賽開始是在法國(guó)、比利時(shí)、荷蘭、西班牙和意大利受歡迎，最近幾年又受到了哥倫比亞的登山者，美國(guó)和愛爾蘭的騎手的青睞，由此可以看出這項(xiàng)本來只在當(dāng)?shù)亓餍械倪\(yùn)動(dòng)走向了國(guó)際，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“下列哪項(xiàng)與巨大的變化（全球化）無關(guān)”。文章第二段提到標(biāo)致、米其林和松下這些跨國(guó)企業(yè)，他們?cè)趫F(tuán)隊(duì)上投入了數(shù)百萬美元，期望獲得全球回報(bào)，所以選項(xiàng)A與全球化有關(guān)，排除；該段還提到我們正在見證一場(chǎng)以經(jīng)濟(jì)為基礎(chǔ)、一場(chǎng)由通信技術(shù)促成的革命（Thisisundoubtedlyaneconomic-basedrevolutionwearewitnessinghere,onemadepossiblebycommunicationstechnology），由此選項(xiàng)C“通信技術(shù)”可以排除；該段最后一句話提到“推銷比賽，你同時(shí)也在推銷可口可樂或者百威啤酒”（SellthegameandyoucansellCocaColaorBudweiseraswell）。綜上，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.詞義題。題目問的是“文章中的‘全球化’與哪個(gè)詞意思最接近”。文章第二段提到各大跨國(guó)公司投資體育賽事都是為了獲得全球的經(jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào)（Peugeot,MichelinandPanasonicaremulti-nationalcorporationsthatwantworldwidereturnsforthemillionstheyinvestinteams），以及提到賣體育賽事也同時(shí)在做各種產(chǎn)品的推廣；文章第三段提到美國(guó)橄欖球推廣到歐洲并不是想推廣這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)，而是為了增加對(duì)觀眾人數(shù)，增加商人們的利益（Theaimofcourseisnotreallytospreadthesportforitsownsake,buttoincreasethenumberofpeopleinterestedinthemajormoneymakingevents.TheeconomicsoftheSuperbowlarealreadyastronomical），由此可以看出，“全球化”相當(dāng)于“商業(yè)化”，選項(xiàng)A符合題意

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題目問的是“作者對(duì)將足球比賽的時(shí)間改成4個(gè)25分鐘的建議持什么態(tài)度”。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到“這種想法是無恥的，目的是為了獲得更多的廣告收入，而不考慮這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的完整性”（Theideaisunashamedlytocapturemoreadvertisingrevenue,withoutgivinganythoughtfortheintegrityofasportwhichrelicsforitsessenceontheflowingnatureoftheaction），由此可以看出作者對(duì)這個(gè)想法是持批評(píng)態(tài)度的，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。題目問的是“為什么拳擊比賽要在全世界各國(guó)舉行”。文章最后一段舉了拳擊的例子是為了說明“隨著體育運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)入世界市場(chǎng)，我們作為消費(fèi)者的需求也在不斷變化，我們需要觀看高水平的比賽”（Moreover,assportsexpandintoworldmarkets,andasourchoiceofsportsasconsumersalsogrows,sowewilldemandtoseethattheyplayatahigherandhigherlevel），因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.單選題

Ininternationalbankingtoday,abankmusthaveadeep（

）intointernationalfinancialmarkets.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.idea

B.understanding

C.knowledge

D.insight

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在當(dāng)今的國(guó)際銀行業(yè)，一個(gè)銀行必須對(duì)國(guó)際金融市場(chǎng)有深入的洞察。idea“觀點(diǎn)；主意”；understanding“理解”；knowledge“知識(shí)”；insight“洞察力”。根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

4.單選題

Mintisanherbthatiswellknownforthearomaticoildistilledfromallpartsoftheplant.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.valuable

B.fragrant

C.medicinal

D.flavorful

【答案】B

【解析】句意：薄荷是一種藥草，因其各個(gè)部位可蒸餾芳香油而聞名。aromatic意為芳香的。valuable有價(jià)值的，貴重的；fragrant芬芳的，芳香的；medicinal藥用的；有益的；flavorful可口的，充滿……味道的。選項(xiàng)B與之意思最為相近。

5.單選題

The（）ofthespringwaterattractsalotofvisitorsfromotherpartsofthecountry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.clash

B.clarify

C.clarity

D.clatter

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)clash“沖突，不協(xié)調(diào)”；B選項(xiàng)clarify“澄清，闡明”；C選項(xiàng)clarity“清楚，明晰”；D選項(xiàng)clatter“嘩啦聲，嘈雜的談笑聲”。句意：泉水的（）吸引了這個(gè)國(guó)家其他地方的許多游客。本句表達(dá)的意思是“泉水的嘩啦啦聲吸引了人們的注意”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Onthestagemanypiecesofbluesilkwerefluctuatedto（）theseawaves

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.simplify

B.simulate

C.stimulate

D.signify

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)simplifyv.簡(jiǎn)化，使簡(jiǎn)易；B選項(xiàng)simulatev.模仿，假裝，冒充；C選項(xiàng)stimulatev.刺激，鼓舞，激發(fā)；D選項(xiàng)signifyv.表示，意味著。句意：在舞臺(tái)上，許多舞動(dòng)著的藍(lán)絲綢模擬出了海浪的景象。根據(jù)句意，本題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Readthefollowingtwolettersofajournal’seditorialhouse.

LetterOneTo:Dr.ABBrown,

Editor,Journalof...

Re:ManuscriptNumber…

Title...

Authors…

DearDr.Brown,

Thepaperdescribes…Thisisatopicwhichwouldbenefitfromadditionalworksuchasthatdescribedinthemanuscript.However,amajorconcernwiththepaperistheinterpretationandreferencingoftheliteratureintheIntroductionandDiscussion.RelatedtothisisalackofintegrationwithpreviousworktoexplainaspectsoftheMethods.Thepaperneedsre-interpretationafterathoroughinvestigationoftheliterature.Irecommendthatthepaperinitscurrentformberejectedbutbelievethatitmaybesuitableforyourjournalaftermajorrevision.

Introduction

TheIntroductionhasincorrectlycited[Brownetal.(1981.)]whoactuallyshowedthat…

Methods

FactorsrelevanttothechoiceofMethodsare:1)howoldweretheculturesthatwereused?2)Doestheageoftheculturematerialaffecttheresults?

Results

ThemainclaimbytheauthorsthattheirResultsshowedthat…isnotcorrect.Theirstatementthattheresultsshow...needscorrection.

Discussion

RelevantreferencesseemtohavebeenoverlookedinboththeIntroductionandDiscussionsections,including…

Otherqueriesandsuggestionsarepenciledonthemanuscript.

Yourssincerely,CDSmith

LetterTwoFrom:Dr.ABBrown,

Editor,Journalof...

DearDr.Zhu,

Ienclosethereferees’reportsonyourpaperentitled...Therefereesagreethatthepapercontainsmuchgoodmaterial.However,theyhaverecommendedthatitneedsconsiderablerevisionbeforeitcanbepublished.Inparticular,Idrawtoyourattentionthefollowingcommentsbythereferees.

Referee1:

TheMethodssectiondoesnotgivesufficientinformation,particularlyaboutthesamplingmethodsused.

TheresultsinTables1and2arecloselyrelatedandcanbecombinedintoasingletable.

Theconclusionthatthereisastrongpositivecorrelationbetweenthenumberoforganismsandsoilsalinityneedsastrongerstatisticalbasis.

TheresultsinFigure3areverypreliminary—thisreallyrequiresanothersurvey.Ifthisisnotpossible,theFigureshouldbedeleted.

Referee2:

ThereareinadequaciesintheMethodssection,asindicatedonthetypescript

TheDiscussionisnotwellfocusedanddoesnotincludesomeimportantrelevantpublications,e.g.Jonesetal.(2000).‘...’intheJournalof...

Theconclusionisinterestingbutcanbegreatlystrengthened.Inparticular,thefindingsaredifferentfromthoseofWalteretal.(1997)intheJournalof…,astudydoneintheUSA.TheworkinyourpaperisinfactthefirststudyofitskindoutsideEuropeandNorthAmericaandthisshouldbehighlighted.

Thereareothercommentsintheenclosedreports,andsomecorrectionshavebeenmadetotheEnglishonthetypescripts.Ifyoucanrevisethepaperalongthelinessuggestedandresubmitby...thenIwillconsideritsacceptabilityforpublicationintheJournalwithoutfurtherreferencetoreferees.

However,additionalrefereeingmaybenecessary.

Ilookforwardtohearingfromyou.

Yourssincerely,ABBrown36.ByintegratingLetterTwo,wecanfigureoutthatthewriterofLetterOneis______.

37.AccordingtoLetterOne,willthesubmittedpaperbeaccepted?

38.TworefereesbothagreethattheMethodsSectionofthepaperis______.

39.DifferentfromReferee1,Referee2alsoaddressedsomepointstobehighlightedintheConclusionSectionlike______.

40.Afterfinishinguptherequiredrevisions,thesubmittedpaperwill______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Referee1

B.Referee2

C.Editor

D.Unclear

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.No.

B.Yes,withsomeminorrevision.

C.Yes,butinneedofconsiderablerevision.

D.No,suggestingtheauthortosubmittoanotherjournal.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.problematicwithinadequateinformation

B.well-written

C.overlydelicate

D.notwellfocused

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.“Inneedofstatisticalanalysestosupportthestrongpositivecorrelation”

B.“Elaboratinguponthispart”

C.“Beingmorefocused”

D.“Stressingitspioneeringinnon-Westerncountries”

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.undergoanotherroundofpeerreviewing

B.bedirectlyaccepted

C.stillpossiblyreceiveadditionalrefereeing

D.notmentionedintheletter

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】36.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

36.ByintegratingLetterTwo,wecanfigureoutthatthewriterofLetterOneis______.36.結(jié)合第二封信，我們可以得出第一封信的作者是______。

A.Referee1A.審稿人1

B.Referee2B.審稿人2

C.EditorC.編輯

D.UnclearD.不清楚

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一封信中的discussion部分提到的“在引言和討論部分，相關(guān)的參考文獻(xiàn)似乎都被忽略了”，以及第二封信對(duì)referee2的描述“討論的重點(diǎn)不明確，也沒有包括一些重要的相關(guān)出版物（relevantpublications）”，我們可以推測(cè)出第一封信的作者是referee2，因此該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合原文，屬于曲解原文。

37.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

37.AccordingtoLetterOne,willthesubmittedpaperbeaccepted?37.根據(jù)第一封信，提交的論文會(huì)被接受嗎？

A.No.A.不會(huì)。

B.Yes,withsomeminorrevision.B.是的，稍微修改了一下。

C.Yes,butinneedofconsiderablerevision.C.是的，但需要大量修改。

D.No,suggestingtheauthortosubmittoanotherjournal.D.不會(huì)，建議作者向其他雜志投稿。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】LetterOne中第一段最后一句提到“以目前的形式，我建議拒絕這篇論文（rejected），但相信經(jīng)過大量修改后，它可能適合您的期刊”，可知，提交的論文會(huì)被拒絕，而且需要大量修改。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、C選項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)中“建議作者向其他雜志投稿”沒提到，屬于無中生有。

38.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

38.TworefereesbothagreethattheMethodsSectionofthepaperis______.38.兩位審稿人都同意論文的方法部分是______。

A.problematicwithinadequateinformationA.信息不足的問題

B.well-writtenB.寫的很好

C.overlydelicateC.過于精細(xì)

D.notwellfocusedD.不是很關(guān)注

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)LetterTwo中兩位referee對(duì)方法部分的描述，referee1認(rèn)為“方法部分沒有提供足夠的信息（TheMethodssectiondoesnotgivesufficientinformation）”，referee2認(rèn)為“方法部分有不足之處（ThereareinadequaciesintheMethodssection）”；綜合理解可知，兩位審稿人都認(rèn)為論文方法部分信息不足，A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

C、D選項(xiàng)沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

39.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

39.DifferentfromReferee1,Referee2alsoaddressedsomepointstobehighlightedintheConclusionSectionlike______.39.與審稿人1不同的是，審稿人2也在結(jié)論部分強(qiáng)調(diào)了一些要點(diǎn)，如______。

A.“Inneedofstatisticalanalysestosupportthestrongpositivecorrelation”A.“需要統(tǒng)計(jì)分析來支持強(qiáng)烈的正相關(guān)”

B.“Elaboratinguponthispart”B.“闡述此部分”

C.“Beingmorefocused”C.“更關(guān)注”

D.“Stressingitspioneeringinnon-Westerncountries”D.“強(qiáng)調(diào)其在非西方國(guó)家的開拓性”

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位LetterTwo中對(duì)referee2的描述，根據(jù)最后一句“你論文中的工作實(shí)際上是第一個(gè)在歐洲和北美以外（outsideEuropeandNorthAmerica）的同類研究，這一點(diǎn)應(yīng)該得到強(qiáng)調(diào)（shouldbehighlighted）”，可知，審稿人2認(rèn)為應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)論文中的研究實(shí)際上是除歐洲和北美之外的關(guān)于這方面的第一個(gè)研究，D項(xiàng)與原文表達(dá)相同。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)均不符合原文，屬于曲解原文。

40.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

40.Afterfinishinguptherequiredrevisions,thesubmittedpaperwill______.40.完成要求的修改后，提交的論文將______。

A.undergoanotherroundofpeerreviewingA.接受另一輪同行評(píng)審

B.bedirectlyacceptedB.直接接受

C.stillpossiblyreceiveadditionalrefereeingC.還可能受到額外的審稿

D.notmentionedintheletterD.信中沒有提到

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)LetterTwo最后一句“但是，可能需要額外的審稿（additionalrefereeingmaybenecessary）”，可知，按照要求修改論文后可能還有其他的審稿程序，C項(xiàng)與原文表達(dá)相同。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)中的“同行評(píng)審”沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)也屬于反向干擾，文中提到了這一點(diǎn)。

8.單選題

Itisnecessarythatanefficientworker（）hisworkontime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.accomplishes

B.canaccomplish

C.hasaccomplished

D.accomplish

【答案】D

【解析】考查虛擬語氣。本句句首的It作形式主語，真正的主語是that引導(dǎo)的從

句，即：thatanefficientworker…ontime。that引導(dǎo)的主語從句采用了虛擬語氣，其完整的形式為Itisnecessarythatanefficientworker（should）accomplishhisworkontime.本句省略了主句從句中的should。虛擬語氣與不定式同時(shí)出現(xiàn)時(shí)，在Itisnecessary+that...的結(jié)構(gòu)中，that引導(dǎo)的主語從句的謂語要用虛擬語氣，即should+動(dòng)詞原形，其中的should可省略。在不定式作形容詞的主語的句式中，用Itisnecessary+不定式。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Asyoucantellfromhowanimatedheis.Charlesisnottiredenoughtogotobedyet.Hewouldn’tsleepifhegoestobednow.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Asyoucan

B.howanimatedheis

C.tiredenough

D.hegoestobed

E.沒有問題

【答案】D

【解析】時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。hegoestobed改為weretogotobed,主句和從句部分都是表示與將來事實(shí)相反，主句用would/could+動(dòng)詞原形，從句用wereto/should+動(dòng)詞原形。

10.單選題

Sincethedawnofcivilization,mankindhasbeenobsessedbythepossibilitythatitwillonedaybeextinguished.Theimpactofanasteroidonearthandthespectreofnuclearholocaustarethemostprevalentmillennialfears.Nowsomescientistsareincreasinglyleaningtowardstheviewthatanewnightmaremustbeaddedtothelist.Theirconcernisthatintelligentcomputerswilleventuallydevelopmindsoftheirownanddestroythehumanrace.

ThelatestwarningcomesfromProfessorStephenHawking.Hetoldaninterviewerthisweekthatartificialintelligencecould“outsmartusall”andthatatechnologicalcatastropheisa“nearcertainty”.Mostnon-expertswilldismisshisclaimsasafantasyrootedinsciencefiction.Butthepaceofprogressinartificialintelligence,orAI,meanspolicymakersshouldalreadybeconsideringthesocialconsequences.

Accordingtoarecentsurvey,halftheworld’sAIexpertsbelievehuman-levelmachineintelligencewillbeachievedby2040and90percentsayitwillarriveby2075.SeveralAIexpertstalkaboutthepossibilitythatthehumanbrainwilleventuallybe“reverseengineered”.Someprominenttechleaders,meanwhile,warnthattheconsequencesareunpredictable.ElonMusk,thepioneerofelectriccars,hasarguedthatadvancedcomputertechnologyis“potentiallymoredangerousthannuclearthreats.’’

Thatsaid,theriskthatcomputersmightonedayposeachallengetohumanityshouldbeputinperspective.Scientistsmaynotbeabletosaywithcertaintywhen,orif,machineswillmatchoroutperformmankind.

Butbeforetheworldgetstothatpoint,thedrawingtogetherofbothhumanandcomputerintelligencewillalmostcertainlyhelptotacklepressingproblemsthatcannototherwisebesolved.Thegrowingabilityofcomputerstocrunchenormousquantitiesofdata,forexample,willplayahugeroleinhelpinghumanitytackleclimatechangeanddiseaseoverthenextfewdecades.Itwouldbefollytoarrestthedevelopmentofcomputertechnologynow一andforgothosebenefits一becauseofrisksthatliemuchfurtherinthefuture.

ThereiseveryreasontobeoptimisticaboutAIresearch.Thereisnoevidencethatscientistswillstruggletocontrolcomputers,evenattheirmostadvancedstage.Butthisisasectorinwhichpioneersmusttreadcarefully—andwiththeireyesopentotheenduringabilityofsciencetosurpriseus.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,（

）.

2.Theunderlinedword“catastrophe”canbeinterpretedas

（

）.

3.ProfessorStephenHawkingbelievesthatartificialintelligence

（

）.

4.AIexpertscontendthat

（

）.

5.Withthehelpofcomputerintelligence,humanbeingscan

（

）.

6.Theauthorsuggeststhatweshould（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.humancivilizationwillsomedaydisappear

B.intelligentcomputerswillthreatenmankindoneday

C.naturaldisasterswillleadtohumanextinction

D.artificialintelligencewillcontrolthehumanmind

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.revolution

B.advancement

C.challenge

D.disaster

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.willbemuchsmarterthanhumans

B.onlyappearsinsciencefictions

C.shouldnotbeoverdeveloped

D.willhavenegativesocialimpacts

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.humansmaybethreatenedbyartificialintelligence

B.theimplicationsofAIdevelopmentisstillunknown

C.thehumanbrainwillnotbesubjecttomachineintelligence

D.computertechnologycancausemassivedestruction

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.solvetechnicalproblems

B.conductvastdataanalysis

C.forecastweatherprecisely

D.preventfataldiseases

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.restrictAIdevelopmentduetothepotentialrisks

B.beoptimisticaboutAIandmaximizethebenefits

C.cautiouslydevelopAIwithanopenattitude

D.suspendAIresearchatitsmostadvancedstage

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

第6題:C

【解析】1.段落大意題。將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第一段。根據(jù)“Sincethedawnofcivilization,mankindhasbeenobsessedbythepossibilitythatitwillonedaybeextinguished”“tintelligentcomputerswilleventuallydevelopmindsoftheirownanddestroythehumanrace.（自從文明誕生以來，人類就一直被這樣一種可能性所困擾:有一天，智能計(jì)算機(jī)將被消滅，而智能計(jì)算機(jī)最終將發(fā)展出人類自己的思想，并毀滅人類。）”即可得出本題答案。

2.詞匯推斷題。根據(jù)題干信息，將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第二段。根據(jù)前文的“warning（警告）”和第一段的“extinguished（滅絕的）”，即可進(jìn)行合理推斷，從而得出本題答案。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞StephenHawking，可將信息定位至原文第二段。根據(jù)“artificialintelligencecould‘outsmartusall’andthatatechnologicalcatastropheisa‘nearcertainty’（人工智能可能“智勝我們所有人”，一場(chǎng)技術(shù)災(zāi)難“幾乎是肯定的”）”即可得出本題答案。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第三段。根據(jù)“theconsequencesareunpredictable”“potentiallymoredangerousthannuclearthreats.（其后果是不可預(yù)測(cè)的，可能比核威脅更危險(xiǎn)）”即可歸納總結(jié)得出本題答案。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“helpofcomputerintelligence”，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第五段。根據(jù)“Thegrowingabilityofcomputerstocrunchenormousquantitiesofdata（計(jì)算機(jī)處理大量數(shù)據(jù)的能力越來越強(qiáng)，）,”即可得出本題答案。

6.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文最后一段。根據(jù)“ThereiseveryreasontobeoptimisticaboutAIresearch（我們完全有理由對(duì)人工智能研究保持樂觀）”“pioneersmusttreadcarefully（開拓者必須小心行事）”,即可得出本題答案。

11.單選題

Theapartmenthasbeen（

）sineSmith'smovedout.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.vacant

B.versatile

C.vacuum

D.vain

【答案】A

【解析】vacant空虛的，空缺的，空閑的；versatile多才多藝的，萬能的；vacuum真空的；vain徒勞的，自負(fù)的。句意：自從Smith搬出去后，那套公寓一直空著。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

12.單選題

QuestionsgrewoverSilvioBerlusconi’sabilitytoholdhiscoalitiontogether,afterheonlynarrowlywonavoteof（）inthelowerhouseofItaly’sparliament.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.confidence

B.account

C.thanks

D.support

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)confidence“信心，信任，秘密”；B選項(xiàng)account“賬戶，解釋，賬目，賬單，理由，描述”；C選項(xiàng)thanks“謝謝”；D選項(xiàng)support“支持，幫助，支撐物，支撐，扶持，物質(zhì)援助，安慰”。句意：西爾維奧?貝盧斯科尼(SilvioBerlusconi)在意大利議會(huì)下院僅以微弱優(yōu)勢(shì)贏得一票支持后，人們對(duì)他維持聯(lián)盟團(tuán)結(jié)的能力產(chǎn)生了質(zhì)疑。avoteofsupport投票支持，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Moreoftenthannot,readersarejustunderthe（）plotsofsciencefictionsanddetectivestories.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.implicit

B.intricate

C.obedient

D.instinctual

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)implicit“含蓄的，暗示的”；B選項(xiàng)intricate“錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的”；C選項(xiàng)obedient“順從的，服從的”；D選項(xiàng)instinctual“本能的”。句意：通常情況下，讀者只是置身在科幻小說和偵探小說（錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜）的情節(jié)之下。此處填入空格的形容詞是用來修飾plots（情節(jié)）。結(jié)合句意“錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的”修飾情節(jié)意思正確。因此B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

14.單選題

Theoldcoupledecidedto（）aboyandagirlthoughtheyhadthreeoftheirown.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adapt

B.bring

C.receive

D.adopt

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。adapt“適應(yīng)”；bring“帶來”；receive“接受”；adopt“采取，收養(yǎng)”。句意：這對(duì)老夫妻決定收養(yǎng)一個(gè)男孩和一個(gè)女孩，盡管他們自己已經(jīng)有三個(gè)小孩了。D項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.單選題

JohnglancedatMarytoseewhatshethought,butsheremained（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.manifest

B.obnoxious

C.inscrutable

D.obscene

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。manifest“明白的，清楚的”；obnoxious“討厭的，可憎的”；inscrutable“神秘的，難以了解的，不能預(yù)測(cè)的”；obscene“猥褻的，淫穢的”。句意：約翰瞥了一眼瑪麗，想知道她在想什么，但是瑪麗仍舊保持著神秘的樣子。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

16.單選題

Graphenemustsurelybeoneofthemostexcitingdevelopmentsinmodernscience.Indeed,thesubstanceissoextraordinarythatitsoundstoogoodtobetrue—asuperflexiblesheetofcarbon,justasingleatomthick,whichisnotonlythethinnestandstrongestmaterialyetknownbutalsoconductsheat,lightandelectricitywhilebeingimpassabletogas.

WehavetwoscientistsattheUniversityofManchestertothankforgraphene.WhatbeganwithAndreGeimandKostyaNovoselovplayingaroundwithScotchtapeandablockofcarbongraphiteturnedintothediscoveryoftheso-called“miraclematerial”(andajointNobelPrizeinPhysicsin2010).

Now,ofcourse,theraceisontoputgraphenetouse.Eventhemoresoberpredictionsreadlikesciencefiction.Fromcheapdesalinationfilterstosolvetheworld’screepingwatercrisis,tonext-generationelectronicswithfoldabletouch-screensandultra-speedybiodegradableprocessors,tosuperstrongbutsuperlightweightcarsandairplanes,ifjustafractionofgraphene’spotentialisfulfilleditwillchangetheworld.Andthatiswithoutevenconsideringeitherthebiomedicalorthemilitarypossibilities.Norareresearchershangingback;in2012alone,some10,000paperswerepublishedonthesubject.

Britainmaybethebirthplaceofgraphene,butwewillstillhavetoworkhardtohangontoourgloballeadasscientistsandentrepreneursacrosstheworlddashforcompetitiveadvantage.Thegoodnewsisthatrealeffortsarebeingmadetobridgethelong-standinggapbetweenuniversityresearchandcommercialproductsthatsooftenleavestheUKlaggingbehind,forexample,theUS.TheGovernmenthasgivenmorethan￡60m,andgrapheneresearchcentersareunderconstructioninbothManchesterandCambridge.

Buttherearealreadysignsofprogress.Yesterday,AppliedGrapheneMaterials一aspin-offfromDurhamUniversity—becamethesecondmanufacturerofthematerialtolistsuccessfullyonthestockmarketthisyear.Bothitsfounders’ambitionsandbeliefsinthemarewhollyjustified.Graphene’spotentialislimitedonlybyourimaginations.

1.Thearticleiswrittenmainlyto（）.

2.WhichisNOTapropertyofgrapheneaccordingtothepassage?

3.ItcanbeinferredthatthepastgrapheneresearchintheUKwas（）.

4.Therearegoodreasonsforinvestorstobelieveinthefounders’ambitionsforgraphenebecause（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.urgeBritonstoholdtheleadingraphene

B.introducethenewmaterialgraphenetoreaders

C.informreadersofthelimitlesspotentialsofgraphene

D.reporttheconstructionofUK’sgrapheneresearchcenters

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itisthethinnestandstrongestsubstance.

B.Itisasuperbconductorofgas.

C.Itisoneofthemoststretchablematerials.

D.Itisaspecialkindofcarbon.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.puttodashforacompetitiveadvantage

B.faraheadoftheUSinmarketing

C.turnedintoalotofsciencefiction

D.isolatedinuniversityexperimentlabs

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.humanimaginationscangoasfarastheycan

B.thereisnogapbetweenresearchandproducts

C.thestockmarketintheUKissuccessful

D.thenewmaterialhashugeroomforprofit

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.文章第一段簡(jiǎn)單介紹了石墨烯,三四段提到石墨烯的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì),最后一段提到,石墨烯的潛力僅受我們想象力的限制。潛在意思就是石墨烯的潛力是無限的,所以作者的目的也是想讓讀者了解石墨烯的無限潛力。選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.根據(jù)第一段后半部分對(duì)石墨烯的描述可知選項(xiàng)A,C,D均是石墨烯的特征,只有選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤?！癱onductsheat,lightandelectricitywhilebeingimpassabletogas.”石墨烯可以傳導(dǎo)熱,光,電,但是無法傳導(dǎo)氣體。

3.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句“Britainmaybethebirthplace...dashforcompetitiveadvantage.”英國(guó)可能是石墨烯的誕生地,但是我們?nèi)匀恍枰^續(xù)努力保持全球領(lǐng)先地位,因?yàn)槿澜绲目茖W(xué)家和企業(yè)家都在爭(zhēng)取競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。選擇A符合原文。

4.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知,這里已經(jīng)有發(fā)展的跡象。昨天,石墨烯材料應(yīng)用公司(杜倫大學(xué)的附屬品牌)成為本年度第二個(gè)成功上市的石墨烯生產(chǎn)商,而石墨烯的潛力也是無限的。綜上,也就是說這種新物質(zhì)有很大的利潤(rùn)空間。選項(xiàng)D正確。

17.單選題

Thereisalready（）cleartoshowthatplantsandanimalsarebeingaffectedbyclimatechange.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.witness

B.certification

C.identify

D.evidence

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。witness“證人，目擊者”；certification“證明，鑒定”；identify“鑒定，識(shí)別”；evidence“證據(jù)”。句意：有證據(jù)清晰地表明植物和動(dòng)物受到氣候變化的影響。D項(xiàng)符合題意。

18.單選題

Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound______inthekitchen.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.smoke

B.smoking

C.tosmoke

D.smoked

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.smoke吸煙v.B.smoking吸煙v.-ing

C.tosmoke吸煙D.smoked吸煙v.-ed

【考查點(diǎn)】非謂語動(dòng)詞。

【解題思路】分析句子可知，find后面要接一個(gè)分詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語，按照句意“如果廚師被發(fā)現(xiàn)在廚房______，他將立即被解雇”可知，smoke和he的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)，所以要用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，findsb.doing表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)某人在做……”，所以該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)是動(dòng)詞原形，不符合句子結(jié)構(gòu)；

C項(xiàng)不定式表示目的或者將來，與find不構(gòu)成搭配；

D項(xiàng)findsb.done表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)某人被……”，smoked與he的邏輯關(guān)系是被動(dòng)，不符合句子邏輯。

【句意】如果廚師被發(fā)現(xiàn)在廚房吸煙，他將立即被解雇。

19.單選題

ImportedfromGermany,this（）instrumentrequiresawell-trainedoperator.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.artificial

B.intricate

C.competent

D.luxurious

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)artificial“人造的；仿造的；虛偽的”；B選項(xiàng)intricate“復(fù)雜的；錯(cuò)綜的；纏結(jié)的”；C選項(xiàng)competent“勝任的；有能力的”；D選項(xiàng)luxurious“奢侈的；豐富的”。句意：從德國(guó)進(jìn)口的這個(gè)復(fù)雜儀器需要一位訓(xùn)練有素的操作者。根據(jù)句意，判斷出B選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

Myspirits______whenIrealizedIcouldn’taffordthenewcaronmysalary,whichIhadpromisedtobuyformyfiancee.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.scared

B.flogged

C.sank

D.transmitted

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A項(xiàng)scare“（使）害怕，受驚嚇，嚇跑”，B項(xiàng)flog“鞭打，鞭策，迫使”，C項(xiàng)sink“（在水或泥里）下沉，使（船只）沉沒，倒下，消沉”，D項(xiàng)transmit“傳輸，傳播，發(fā)射”。由Myspirits“我的精神”和Icouldn’taffordthenewcaronmysalary“以我的薪水，我買不起這輛新車”可知，“消沉”符合語境。句意：當(dāng)我意識(shí)到憑我的工資根本買不起那輛答應(yīng)給我未婚妻買的新車時(shí)，我的情緒低落了。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

We'restill（

）thingshere,butIcan'tguaranteethesituationwillstaythatway.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inmemoryof

B.i