小學(xué)英語語法歸納總結(jié)

師大教育謝老師一、名詞強調(diào)：不可數(shù)名詞都默認(rèn)為單數(shù)，所以總是用is或者；最好不要根據(jù)、any、alotof等詞去作判斷，以免受誤導(dǎo)。1、可數(shù)名詞如何變“復(fù)數(shù)形式”：．一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds；讀音：清輔音后讀[s]，濁輔音和元音后讀[z]。．以s.x.sh.ch結(jié)尾，加，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches；讀音：[iz]。cy為i,再加：family-families,strawberry-strawberries；讀音：[z]。d．以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v,，如：knife-knives，thief-thieves；讀音：[z]。．以“o”結(jié)尾的詞，分兩種情況1）有生命的+es讀音：[z]如：mango-mangoestomato-tomatoeshero-heroes2)無生命的+s讀音：[z]如：photo-photosradio-radiosf.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：man-men,woman-women,-1-師大教育謝老師policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,snowman-snowmen,mouse-mice,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese2、不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)。如果要計算不可數(shù)名詞所表達的數(shù)量，就得在數(shù)詞和不可數(shù)名詞之間加上“量詞+of”。例如：aglassofwater,apieceofpaper,abottleofjuice判斷步驟：↗如是am、is或was→原形讀句子→讀該單詞→認(rèn)識該單詞→理解意思→看be動詞↘如是are或were→加s或es練一練：1、寫出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù)。I_________him_________this_______her______watch_______mango_______child_______photo________diary______day________foot________dress________tooth_______sheep______box_______strawberry_____thief_______engineer______peach______-2-師大教育謝老師sandwich______man______woman_______leaf_______people________2、用所給名詞的正確形式填空。（1）Aretheretwo（2）Icanseesome（3）Howmany（4）Here’refiveyou.(box)onthetable?(people)inthecinema.(day)arethereinaweek?(bottle)of(juice)for（5）This(violin)ishers.Those(grape)areoverthere.二、冠詞冠詞是一種虛詞，不能獨立使用，通常放在名詞的前面，分為“不定冠詞”和“定冠詞”兩種。1an。用在單數(shù)名詞前，表示“一個，一件……”。an用在以元音“音素”開頭的單詞前。如：ane-mail,anorange,anoldman,anEnglishwatch,anhour…2the沒有具體意思，有時翻譯為這、那。它的基本用法：-3-師大教育謝老師（1）用來表示特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。如：Themaponthewallisnew.（2Lookatthepicture,please.（3）表示再次提到前面談過的人或事物。如：Thisisastamp.Thestampisbeautiful.（4）用在表示世界上獨一無二的事物前。如：thesun太陽themoon月亮theearth地球（5）用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。如：theGreatWall長城（6）用在江河、湖海等專有名詞前。如：theChangjiangRiver長江（7）此外，序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級、樂器名稱等詞前面和一些習(xí)慣用語中一般都用定冠詞。如：thefirstday,thebestboy,playthepiano,inthesameclass確定用、an還是the時可根據(jù)漢語意思。練一練：1、用a或an填空。____“U”____ice-cream____goalkeeper____-4-師大教育謝老師____appleteapot____office____Englishbook____umbrella____unit____hour2、根據(jù)需要，填寫冠詞，an或。（1）Whois____girlbehind____tree?（2）____oldmanhastwochildren,____sonand____daughter.（3）Thisis____orange.____orangeisLucy’s.（4）Helikesplaying____guitar.Wehave____samehobby.（5）Weallhad____goodtimelastSunday.（6）Shewantstobe____doctor.三，數(shù)詞我們學(xué)過兩類：基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。基數(shù)用于表示數(shù)量多少，而基數(shù)詞用于表示次序，常在日期中出現(xiàn)。區(qū)別：基數(shù)詞前面沒有“the”；序數(shù)詞前一定要有“the”。1、超過二十以上的兩位數(shù)需要在個位和十位之間加上“-”。如：21twenty-one2、三位數(shù)以上的則需要在百位數(shù)后再加上。如：101a/one-5-師大教育謝老師hundredandone3、用基數(shù)詞來修飾可數(shù)名詞時，一定別忘了它的復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：十八個男孩eighteenboys4、用基數(shù)詞修飾不可數(shù)名詞時，如是復(fù)數(shù)，變它的量詞為復(fù)數(shù)。如：兩碗米飯twobowlsofrice5first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth以及二十及二十以外的整十：twentieth,thirtieth,fortieth…“第幾十幾”：前面整十不變，后面“幾”改為序數(shù)詞。如：88eighty-eighth練一練：1、請翻譯下列短語。（1）60名學(xué)生（2）15本英語書（3（512月31（7（44個孩子（66月2日（40年前（9）11+7（10）上學(xué)第一天2、把下列基數(shù)詞改成序數(shù)詞。-6-師大教育謝老師one---nine---fourteen---eighty-onetwo---three---twenty---thirty-five---四、代詞代詞有兩種：人稱代詞和物主代詞。1、人稱代詞分為：第一、第二、第三人稱，且有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。-7-師大教育謝老師2、人稱代詞的主格在句中做主語，一般用在動詞前（疑問句除外）；賓格在句中做賓語，多用于動詞、介詞后。3、形容詞性物主代詞起形容詞的作用，后面一定要跟名詞，表示該名詞是屬于誰的。4、名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞。如：Thisismybag.=Thisismine.Thatisherruler.=Thatishers.一般看后面有沒有名詞，如有，就用形容詞性物主代詞；如無，就用名詞性物主代詞。請牢記下表：單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)they人稱代詞hithemmyoutheirr物主代詞myhisheritsour名詞性miyouhisheritsouryouthei-8-師大教育謝老師nersssrsrs練一練：1、按要求寫出相應(yīng)人稱代詞。I（賓格）_______she（形容詞性物主代詞）_______we（名詞性物主代詞）_______he（復(fù)數(shù)）_______us（單數(shù)）_______theirs（主格）_______its（賓格）_______2、想一想，把下表補充完整。人稱代詞物主代詞單數(shù)單數(shù)主賓主賓形容名詞形容名詞格格格格詞性性詞性性meyouthehismtheir人稱he-9-師大教育謝老師ritits3、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1Thatisnot_________kite.Thatkiteisverysmall,but_________isverybig.(I)2）Thedressis_________.Giveitto_________.(she)3）Isthis_________watch?(you)No,it’snot_________.(I)4）_________ismybrother.________nameisJack.Look!Thosestampsare_________.(he)5_________dressesarered.(we)Whatcolourare_________?(you)6）Show_________yourkite,OK?(they)7）Ihaveabeautifulcat._________nameisMimi.Thesecakesare_________.(it)8）Arethese________tickets?No,________arenot_________.________aren’there.(they)9）Shall_________havealookatthatclassroom?Thatis_________classroom.(we)10）_________ismyaunt.Doyouknow_________job?-10-師大教育謝老師_________isanurse.(she)11）Whereare_________?Ican’tfind_________.Let’scall_________parents.(they)12）Don’ttouch_________._________isnotacat,_________isatiger!(it)13）_________sisterisill.Pleasegoandsee_________.(she)14）Thegirlbehind_________isourfriend.(she)五、形容詞、副詞1、形容詞表示某一事物或人的特征，副詞表示某一動作的特征。形容詞和副詞有三種形式：原形、比較級、最高級。比較級：+er最高級：the…+est兩個重要特征：as……as中間一定用原形，than的前面一定要。2、形容詞、副詞比較級的規(guī)則變化如下：（1：tall-taller,fast-faster單音節(jié)詞如果以-e結(jié)尾，只加-r。如：late-later（2）重讀閉音節(jié)詞如末尾只有一個輔音字母，須雙寫這個字母，再加-er。如：big-bigger,fat-fatter（3）以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i。如：heavy--11-師大教育謝老師heavier,early-earlier（4）雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞的比較級應(yīng)在原級前加more構(gòu)成。如：beautiful-morebeautiful,careful-morecareful,quietly-morequietly,interesting-moreinteresting（5good/well–better,bad/ill–worse,many/much–more,far–farther/further,old–older/elder…練一練：1、寫出下列形容詞、副詞的比較級。biggoodlongheavyhightalloldfatshortlightearlythinyoungfarstronglatelowslowwellfast-12-師大教育謝老師2、用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1)Icanswimas_______(fast)asthefish,Ithink.2)Look!Hishandsare_______(big)thanmine.3)Ithinkyoudothesethings_______(well)thanyourclassmates.4)Whosebagis_______(heavy),yoursormine?5)DoesJimrunas_______（slow)asDavid?Yes,butMikeruns_______(slow)thanthem.6)Youhavesevenbooks,butIhave_______(many)thanyou.Ihaveten.7)Ijump_______(far)thansomeoftheboysinmyclass.8)I’m_______(thin),butshe’s_______(thin)thanme.9)Itgets_______and_______(warm)whenspringcomeshere.六、介詞1、一種虛詞。不能單獨作句子成分，它只有跟它后面的賓語一起構(gòu)成介詞短語，才能在句子中起作用。有：in,on,under,with,behind,about,near,before,after,for,to,up,down,from,infrontof,outof,-13-師大教育謝老師from…to…,atthebackof…2at,on,1at表示“在某一個具體的時間點上”，或用在固定詞組中。如：atteno’clock,at9:30a.m.,atnight,atthe2on表示“在某日或某日的時間段”。如：onFriday,onthefirstofOctober,onMondaymorning…（3in表示“在某一段時間（月份、季節(jié)）里”。如：intheafternoon,inSeptember,insummer,in2005…3in一詞還有其他的固定搭配，如：inblueinEnglishtakepart（參練一練：1、選用括號內(nèi)恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。1)What’sthis_______(at,on,in)English?2)Christmasis_______(at,on,in)the25thofDecember.3)Theman_______(,on,in)blackisSuHai’sfather.4)Hedoesn’tdowell_______(at,on,in)PE.5)Lookatthosebirds_______(on,in)thetree.-14-師大教育謝老師6)Wearegoingtomeet_______(at,on,in)thebusstop_______(at,on,in)halfpastten.7)Isthereacat_______(under,behind,in)thedoor?8)Helen’swritingpaperis_______(in,infrontof)hercomputer.9)Welive_______(at,on,in)anewhousenow.10)Doesitoftenrain_______(at,on,in)springthere?2、圈出下列句子中運用不恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，并將正確的答案寫在橫線上。1)JimisgoodinEnglishandMhegroundjustnow.2)Thefilmswere4)Howmany6)Icanjogto8)Canyou3)Theyaretalkingtotheirplans.studentshavetheirbirthdaysonMay?5)Women’sDayisatthethirdofMarch.schoolonthemorning.7)Didyouwatertreesatthefarm?comeandhelpmeonmyEnglish?9)IusuallytakephotosinSundaymorning.10)WhatdidyoudoontheSpringFestival?七、動詞-15-師大教育謝老師這里所說的動詞是指各種動詞總稱，其中包括be動詞、情態(tài)動詞、先用“一（量詞）”（如：一個、一張等）和這個詞連起來說，如說得通，一般認(rèn)為是名詞；說不通再用“很”去判斷，就是把“很”和數(shù)詞、情態(tài)動詞等一下就可以知道）1、be動詞（am,is,are,was,were）1am—was,is–was,are--were口訣：我用am,你用are,is用在他她它，所有復(fù)數(shù)全用。2）肯定和否定句Iam(not)fromLondon.Heis(not)ateacher.Sheis(not)inthediningroom.Myhairis(not)long.Hereyesare(not)small.3）一般疑問句AmIaChinese?Yes,youare.No,youaren’t.AretheyAmerican?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.Isthecatfat?Yes,itis.No,itisn’t.4）be動詞的否定形式：amarenot=-16-師大教育謝老師aren’t，isnot=isn’t。用恰當(dāng)?shù)腷e動詞填空。練一練：1、用be動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1I______aboy.______youaboy?No,I_____not.2Thegirl______Jack'ssister.3）Thedog_______tallandfat.manwithbigeyes_______ateacher.5）______yourbrotherintheclassroom?How_______yourfather?4）The6）7）MikeandLiuTao______atschool.Whosedress______this?8）9）Whosesocks______they?______I?10）Who11）Thejeans______onthedesk.12Here______ascarfforyou.______somesweatersforyou.14）Theblackgloves______forSuYang.pairofgloves______forYangLing.-17-13Here15）This師大教育謝老師16）Thetwocupsofmilk_____forme.17）Sometea______intheglass.18Gaoshan'sshirt_______overthere.sister'sname______Nancy.19My21）20）______DavidandHelenfromEngland?There______agirlintheroom.22）There______someapplesonthetree._______thereanyapplejuiceinthebottle?24There_______somebreadontheplate.heandI______fromChina.23）25You,26）There_______aboy,twogirls,threemenandtenwomeninthepark.2、助動詞（do,does,did）do,does用于一般現(xiàn)在時，其過去式did用于一般過去時。它們通not=don’t,doesnot=doesn’t,didnot=didn’t。注意：在一般現(xiàn)在時中，does用于第三人稱單數(shù)，其余一律用助動詞do；助動詞do,does,did后面一定要用動詞原形。-18-師大教育謝老師練1、用適當(dāng)?shù)闹鷦釉~填空。1)______youlikethismagazine?2)Thegirl______likebreadforbreakfast.3)---What______she______attheweekends?---Sheusuallyplaysgameswithherfriends.4)---Wha______youdolastSunday?---Iwrotetomyfriend.5)---DidyouseeaBeijingopera?---No,I______.6)He______notvisitafarmlastNationalDayholiday.7)They______notlikeplayingvolleyball.8)---______JimhaveapicnicwithhisfamilyeverySaturday?---Yes,he.9)______HelenandYangLinggotoschoolonfooteveryday?10)---Howmanykites______wehave?---Wehaveten.2、找出下列句子中的錯誤，將序號填入題前括號內(nèi)，并改正。()1)DidyouhadabiglunchwithyourfamilylastSpringFestival?ABC-19-師大教育謝老師---Whatdotheboyhaveinhispencil-box?()2)---Hehasarubber.ABC()3)Theydoesn’tlikethefilm.ABC()4)DoJimgetupatsixeveryday?ABC()5)Don'tgivingtheballtoLiuTao.ABC3、情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞也是一類特殊的動詞，平時我們不把它說成是動詞。情態(tài)動詞可以和行為動詞同時出現(xiàn)在同一個句子中。我們現(xiàn)在學(xué)過的情態(tài)動詞有：、could、、should、will、would、、might、must。其否定形式：cannot=can’t,mustnot=mustn’t,…注意：maynot和shall（無縮寫形式）練一練：選擇填空。-20-師大教育謝老師()1)Thesignonthewallmeansyou______stayawayfromthebuilding.A.mustB.can’tC.shouldn't()2)Howmanybooks______youseeonthedesk?A.mayB.canC.should()3)Itmeansyou______makenoiseinthelibrary.A.shouldB..shouldn'tC.can()4)---______youlikeaglassofmilk?---Yes,please.A.MayB.CouldC.Would()5)---______youseethesignoverthere?---Sorry,Ican’t.A.CanB.Can’tC.Should()6)______wegototheparkbybus?A.MayB.MustC.Shall4、行為動詞、live等。行為動詞我們已學(xué)過它們的四種形式：原形、第三人稱單數(shù)+s/es、現(xiàn)在分詞（也叫動名詞）+ing、過去式+ed。（1）動詞第三人稱單數(shù)變化規(guī)則：-21-師大教育謝老師A、一般直接加“s”，如：play–plays,visit–visits,speak–speaks；B、以“s”，“x”，“sh”，“ch”結(jié)尾時，加“es”，如：catch–catches,watch–watches；Ccarry–carries,study–studies。（2）現(xiàn)在分詞（動名詞）構(gòu)成規(guī)則：A、一般直接加“ing”，如：go–going,do–doing,look–looking；B、以不發(fā)音的“e”結(jié)尾的單詞，去“e”加“ing”，如：take–taking,make–making,have–having；C、以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞，如末尾只有一個輔音字母，需要雙寫這個字母再加“ing”，如：put–putting,stop–stopping,run–running,get–getting,swim–swimming,sit–sitting,begin–beginning,jog–jogging,forget–forgetting。（3）過去式構(gòu)成規(guī)則：A、一般直接加“ed”，如：plant–planted,visit–visited,pick–picked；Blike–liked,hope-22-師大教育謝老師–hoped,taste–tasted；C、以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾時，變“y”為“i”再加“ed”，如：try–tried,carry–carried,study–studied；D、有些動詞要雙寫最后一個字母，再加“ed”，如：stop–stopped；、還有很多動詞的過去式是不規(guī)則的，請記憶：是-am(be)-was-being；是-be-was,were-being；是-are(be)-were-being；成為-become-became-becoming；開始-begin-began-beginning；彎曲-bend-bent-bending；吹-blow-blew-blowing；能-can-could-----；買-buy-bought-buying；捕捉-catch-caught-catching；選擇-choose-chose-choosing；來-come-came-coming；切-cut-cut-cutting；做-do,does-did-doing；畫-draw-drew-drawing；飲-drink-drank-drinking；吃-eat-ate-eating-feel-felt-feeling-find-found-finding；飛-fly-flew-flying；忘記-forget-forgot-forgetting；得到-get-got-getting-give-gave-giving-go-went-going；成長-grow-grew-growing；-23-師大教育謝老師有-have,has-had-having；聽-hear-heard-hearing；受傷-hurt-hurt-hurting；保持-keep-kept-keeping；知道-know-knew-knowing-learn-learned,learnt-learning；允許，讓-let-let-letting；躺-lie-lay-lying；制造-make-made-making；可以-may-might----；意味-mean-meant-meaning；會見-meet-met-meeting；必須-must-must----；放置-put-put-putting；讀-read-read-reading；騎、乘-ride-rode-riding；-ring-rang-ringing-run-ran-running-say-said-saying；看見-see-saw-seeing；將-shall-should----；唱歌-sing-sang-singing；坐下-sit-sat-sitting；睡覺-sleep-slept-sleeping；說-speak-spoke-speaking；度過-spend-spent-spending。練一練：1、寫出下列動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)。drink__________go____________stay__________make__________look__________have_________pass__________carry__________come___________watch__________plant_________fly________-24-師大教育謝老師study________brush_________do___________teach____________take__________see__________2、寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。put__________give__________fly_________get________dance________sit_________run________plant_________take___________swim_________ask___________stop__________take_________write__________have__________smoke_________think__________want__________tell__________3、寫出下列動詞的過去式。is\am_________fly_______plant________are________drink_________play_______go________make________does_________dance________worry___________ask________taste_________eat__________draw________put______throw________kick_________pass_______do________4、用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。-25-師大教育謝老師（1I______toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.Mybrotheroften_______toschoolwithme.Yesterdaywe_______toschooltogether.Welike________toschoolverymuch.(go)（2）Theyusually_______lunchathome.Butlastweek,they____lunchatschool.(have)（3）That______myEnglishbook.It_____new.Butnowit_____nothere.It______thereamomentago.(be)（4）Mysisterlikes________verymuch.Sheoften_______atourschoolfestival.Lastterm,she_______alotofsongsintheschoolhall.She_____beautifully.(sing)（5）What_____heusually______onSunday?Heusually______hishomework.Look!He__________hishomeworknow.______he_______hishomeworklastSunday?Yes,he_______.(do)（6）Dopeopleusually_______mooncakesatMid-autumnFestival?Yes,theydo.Didyou_______mooncakeslastMid-autumnFestival?Yes,Idid.I_______alotofdeliciousmooncakes.(eat)-26-師大教育謝老師八、there/herebe結(jié)構(gòu)1、therebe結(jié)構(gòu)表示“某時、某地存在著什么事物或人”，包括there、thereare、therewas、there。herebe結(jié)構(gòu)與它類似，用法也完全相同，只不過是表示“這里存在著什么事物或人”。2、和、、had的區(qū)別：（1Therebe、had表示：某人擁有某物。（2therebebe動詞用isbe動詞用are；如有幾件物品，be動詞根據(jù)最近be動詞的那個名詞決定——“就近原則”。（3）therebe句型的否定句在be動詞后加not,一般疑問句把be動詞調(diào)到句首。（4therebe句型與have(has)的區(qū)別：therebe表示在某地有have(has)表示某人擁有某物。（5some和any在therebe句型中的運用：some用于肯定句，-27-師大教育謝老師any用于否定句或疑問句。（6and和or在therebe句型中的運用：and用于肯定句，or用于否定句或疑問句。（7）針對數(shù)量提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：Howmany+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+arethere+介詞短語？Howmuch+不可數(shù)名詞+isthere+介詞短語？（8What’s+介詞短語？（9Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)一般用在句子的開頭，而have等詞只能用于某一個主語后面。練一練：1、用恰當(dāng)?shù)腷e動詞填空。1)There______fourseasonsinayear.2)There______notanytreestwoyearsago.3)---______thereapostofficenearyourschool?---Yes,there______.4)---Howmanystops______there?---There______onlyone.5)There______notanystampsontheenvelope.6)______thereanybirdsinthetree?-28-師大教育謝老師7)There______ashoppingcentrenearourschoollastyear.Butnowthere______noone.8)There______onlythreeofus:mydad,mymumandme.9)Here______somebreadforyou.10)InNewYork,there______alotofraininspring.2、選用“have,has,had,thereis,thereare,therewas,therewere”填空。1)I______agoodfatherandagoodmother.telescopeonthedesk.2)______a3)He______atape-recorder.4)______abasketballintheplayground.5)They______anicegarden.6)Myfather______astory-booklastyear.7)______areading-roominthebuilding?8)WhatdoesMike______?9)______anybooksinthebookcase?10)Howmanystudents______intheclassroom?11)______astory-bookonthetableamomentago.12)Whatdoyou______?-29-師大教育謝老師13)Myparents______somenicepictures.14)______somemapsonthewall.15)______amapoftheworldonthewall.16)David’sfriends______sometents.17)__________manychildrenonthehill.九、，any的用法someany用于否定句和一般疑問句。請注意看例句后擴號中說明的用法。例：Thereissomewaterintheglass.（肯定句）Therearesomeflowersinthegarden.（肯定句）Therearen’tanylampsinthestudy.（否定句）Arethereanymapsonthewall?（一般疑問句）Wouldyoulikesomeorangejuice?（希望得到肯定回答）Doyouwanttotakeanyphotosattheparty?（一般疑問句）練一練：選用some或any填空。1)Thereisn’t______milkinthefridge.see______cars,butIcan’tsee______buses.3)Hehas______friendsinEngland.-30-2)Ican4)Were師大教育謝老師there______fruittreesonthefarm?5)Hereare______presentsforyou.wanttotake______photos?6)DoesTom8)There7)Isthere______riceinthekitchen?are______newbuildingsinourschool.9)---Wouldyoulike______cakes?---No,I’dnotlike______cakes,butI’dlike______coffee.10)---Arethere______picturesonthewall?---No,therearen’t______pictures.十、動詞不定式1、to加動詞原形構(gòu)成一種非謂語形式，在這里不是介詞，無詞義。如：IwanttomakeaNewYearcard.賀卡。我想制作一張新年Wouldyouliketohaveapicnicwithus?一起去野餐嗎？你愿意和我們2、to保留原來動詞的一些特征，它可以帶自己的賓語和狀語等。如：Togettherefaster,youcantakebusNo.5.想快一點到那兒，你可以坐5路車。3、to前有時帶疑問詞what,when,where,which,why,how等。-31-師大教育謝老師如：He’saskingYangLinghowtogetthere.他正在問楊玲怎樣到達那里。總而言之，一定要記?。簍o后面用動詞原形。練一練：1、用擴號中所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1)Peoplewouldlike________(go)tofarmsinthecountryside.2)It’stime________(have)lunch3)Iwant________(buy)somepresentsformyfriends.4)Thethiefbegan________(run).5)Pleaseshouwmehow________(go)totheshoppingcentre.6)Wouldyoulike________(join)us?7)Don’tforget________(write)“HappyNewYear”.8)Shewasveryglad________(see)them.9)Pleaseremember________(close)thewindowsbeforeyougohome.10)I’msorry________(hear)that.2、圈出下列句子中的錯誤，并改正。1)Wouldyoulikegocampingwithus?Helen,showuxhowdrawingasquare.-32-2)師大教育謝老師3)Iwanttowritesalettertomypenfriend.4)It’stimeforusgotoschool.5)LiuTaowantstoshowingPeter’sphotostohismum.十一、動名詞如：Pleasekeepquietinthereadingroom.還有我們的一些課題：Askingtheway中是“名詞性質(zhì)”；Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.中是“動詞性質(zhì)”，帶了賓語stamps.1、remember（記?。┖竺娓鷦用~，表示“記得做過某事”；跟to+動詞原形，表示“記得要去做某事”。如：Irememberpostingthelettertoday.我記得今天把信寄走了。Pleaseremembertopostthelettertoday.請記住今天要把信寄走。2t跟to+動詞原形，表示“忘記去做某事（實際沒做）”。如：Iforgetdoinghomeworkthismorning.我忘記今天早上做過-33-師大教育謝老師作業(yè)了。Iforgettodohomeworkthismorning.我忘記今天早上做作業(yè)了。3、stop（停止）后面跟動名詞，表示“停止做某事”；跟to+動詞原形，表示“停止正在做的事，而去做別的事”。如：Stopsmoking,please.請不要吸煙。Wearetired.Let’sstoptohavearest.下來休息一下。4liketo+wouldliketodo，表示“某人想要、愿意干某事”。如：Iliketakingawalkaftersuppereveryday.我喜歡每天晚飯后去散步。Iwouldliketohavesomechips.練一練：1、用擴號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。我想要吃些薯條。1)_________(swim)isnotasfastasrunning.2)It’ssunnytoday.Let’sgo_________(fish).3)Doyoulike_________(read)Englishinthemorning?4)Areyougoodat_________(dance)?-34-師大教育謝老師5)Whereisthe_________(shop)centre?6)Wouldyouliketogo_________(jog)withme?7)Myhobbyis_________(play)football.8)SuHailikes_________(watch)cartoonsonSundays.2、選擇擴號內(nèi)動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1)I’msorry_________(hearing,tohear)that.2)Jimisgoodat_________(swimming,toswim).3)Shallwego_________(skating,toskate)?4)Today,myworkis_________(looking,tolook)afterthebaby.5)I’mgoing_________(flying,tofly)akiteintheplayground.6)Ilike_________(playing,toplay)basketballafterschool.7)Wouldyoulike_________(going,togo)totheGreatWall?8)JimisaskingLiuTaohow________(getting,toget)totheHistoryMuseum.十二、時間和日期的表達1、有兩種時間表達法：A）直接讀寫數(shù)詞。如：9:15ninefifteen10:30tenthirty11:45-35-師大教育謝老師elevenforty-five7:05sevenofive2:25twotwenty-five5:55fivefifty-fiveBpast和to來表達。past一般用于3030分鐘）的時間表達；to一般用于超過30分鐘的時間表達。一刻鐘可以用aquarter表示，半小時可以用half表示。如：9:15aquarterpastnine10:30halfpastten11:45aquartertotwelve7:05fivepastseven2:25twenty-fivepasttwo5:55fivetosix注意：詢問時間可用句型“What’sthetime?”或者“Whattimeisit?”。2the+序數(shù)詞+of+thethirdofJune六月三日注意：詢問日期可用句型“Whatdateisittoday?”或者“What’sthedatetoday?”。練一練：1、用兩種方法表達下列時間。6:451:58-36-師大教育謝老師9:055:503:228:302、用英語表達下列日期。五月一日日九月十三月八日八月三日四月五日日七月九六月二一月十五日日十二月二十五日3、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換，每空一詞。1)---What’sthetime?---It’selevenforty-five.---___________isit?---It’s___________.2)It’ssevenofive.It’stimeforbreakfast.It’s___________.It’stime___________.3)---What’sthedatetoday?---It’s1stOctober.---___________isittoday?---It’s___________-37-師大教育謝老師十三、名詞所有格1、有生命的名詞所有格：A）單數(shù)后加“’s”，如：SuHai’stwinsister蘇海的雙胞胎妹妹Jim’sfamily吉姆的一家Bs’Day教師節(jié)thetwins’parentsCs’sDay兒童節(jié)注意：表示兩人或幾人共有的物品，只需在最后一人名后加“’s”，如：BenandJim’sbook2、無生命的名詞所有格，一般與“of”構(gòu)成短語。如：aphotoofhisfamily他家的一張照片herskirt她的短裙的顏色thecolourof練一練：-38-師大教育謝老師翻譯下列詞組：大衛(wèi)的叔叔婦女節(jié)我妹妹的郵票老師們的辦公室他筆友的信字這本書的名雙胞胎的書房郵局的大門孩子們的愛好十四、句子的種類標(biāo)點例句陳述肯Thisisabag.句定spring.Ilike事情或者說明說話.人的看法類別例句用法標(biāo)-39-師大教育謝老師點.一?色；whatabout……怎么樣；whatday星期幾；whatdate什么日期；whatfor為何目的；how怎樣；howold多大歲數(shù)；howmany數(shù)量多少；howmuch多少-40-師大教育謝老師about……怎么樣；反It’safineday,isn’tit?意肯定求！美、厭惡或?憤怒等強烈感情Howsmartthescarvesare!Whatsmartscarves!練一練：-41-師大教育謝老師1、填入適當(dāng)?shù)囊蓡栐~。1)_______walletisit?It’smine.2)_______istheChristmasDay?It’sonthe25thofDecember.3)_______isthediary?It’sunderthechair.4)_______istheboyinblue?He’sMike.5)_______aretheearphones?Theyare25yuan.6)_______isthehairdryer?It’sblue.7)_______isittoday?It’sSunday.8)_______wasityesterday?Itwasthe13thofOctober.9)_______thisredone?It’sbeautiful.10)_______isitfromhere?It’sabout2kilometresaway.11)A:CanIhavesomepaperandsomecrayons?B:_______?A:Iwanttomakeakite.12)_______isyourcousin?He’s15yearsold.13)_______doyouhavedinner?At6o’clock.14)_______oneisfatter,theblueoneortheredone?Theblueone.2、對劃線部分提問。1)Icanseeeightrubbersinthebox.-42-師大教育謝老師_____________________can_______seeinthebox?2)Myfatherisfinetoday.____________yourfathertoday?3)LiuTaoisplayingfootballintheplayground.___________LiuTao_______intheplayground?4)Thefilmswereontheground.______________thefilms?5)Thegirlwithbigeyesismysister’sfriend.___________________sister’sfriend?6)Mybirthdayisonthe9thofSeptember.____________yourbirthday?7)I’dlikeanicecakeforbreakfast.___________________likeforbreakfast?8)That’sNancy’sskirt.______________isthat?3、按要求改寫句子。1)It’sabook.（改為一般疑問句）___ita_______?2)Myfatherisinthestudy.（對劃線部分提問）-43-師大教育謝老師_______is_______father?3)DoyouwatchTVeverySunday?（做肯定回答）_______,I_______.4)Thispictureisbeautiful.（改為以what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句）What_____________picture!5)Openthedoorforhim.（改為否定句）_______open______for_______!6)Ihaveabigpresent.（對劃線部分提問）_______doyou_______?肯定句否定句一般疑問句及回答Heisrunningnow.Heisn’trunningnow.---Isherunningnow?---Yes,heis./No,heisn’t.Theyaremakingapuppet.Theyaren’tmakingapuppet.---Aretheymakingapuppet?---Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.7)Therearesomeorangetrees.（改為單數(shù)句子）There______________orange_______.8)wearegoingtoseeaBeijingopera.（對劃線部分提問）-44-師大教育謝老師What_______you___________do?9)Hehassomequestions.（改為一般疑問句）_______he______________questions?10)TheyvisitedtheirrelativesandfriendslastSpringFestival.（改為一般疑問句）_____they_______theirrelativesandfriendslastSpringFestival?十五、時態(tài)1、一般現(xiàn)在時A、當(dāng)謂語是be動詞時，構(gòu)成為：主語+be動詞(am,is,are其他。如：Iamastudent.B、當(dāng)謂語是行為動詞時，構(gòu)成有兩種：（1+動詞原形+WeoftenwatchTVattheweekends.（2）主語（第三人稱單數(shù)）+動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式+其他。如：JimusuallygoestotheparkonSundays.-45-師大教育謝老師C、句型變換：肯定句否定句一般疑問句及回答TheywatchTVatsixeveryday.Theydon’twatchTVatsixeveryday.---DotheywatchTVatsixeveryday.---Yes,theydo./No,theydon’t.ShewatchesTVatsixeveryday.Shedoesn’twatchTVatsixeveryday.---DoesshewatchTVatsixeveryday.---Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn’t.肯定句否定句一般疑問句及回答TheywatchTheydon’t---DotheywatchTVatsix練一練：A括號內(nèi)動詞的適當(dāng)watchTVatsixeveryday.---Yes,theydo./No,theydon’t.Shedoesn’t---DoesshewatchTVatwatchesTVwatchTVatsixsixeveryday.atsixeveryday.---Yes,shedoes./No,everyday.shedoesn’t.-46-師大教育謝老師形式填空。1)Heoften______(have)dinnerathome.2)DanielandTommy______(be)inClassOne.3)We______(notwatch)TVonMonday.4)Nick______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.5)____they______(like)theWorldCup?6)There(be)somewaterinthebottle.7)____yourparents_____(read)newspaperseveryday?8)Mike______(like)cooking.9)Youalways______(do)yourhomeworkwell.10)They______(have)thesamehobby.11)Myaunt______(look)afterherbabycarefully.12)LiuTao______(do)notlikePE.13)SheandI______(take)awalktogethereveryevening.B、按要求轉(zhuǎn)換句子，每空一詞。1)Tomlikesplayingbasketballwithhisfriends.（改成否定句）Tom___________playingbasketballwithhisfriends.2)David’sparentsoftentakeawalkaftersupper.（改為一般疑問句并作出否定回答）-47-師大教育謝老師---______David’sparentsoften______awalkaftersupper?---No,____________.3)TheyusuallywatchTV.（對劃線部分提問）____________theyusually______？4)Sheisalwaysagoodstudent.（改為一般疑問句并作出肯定回答）---_________alwaysa______student?---______,____________.5)SimonandDaniellikegoingskating.（改為否定句）SimonandDaniel____________going______.2、現(xiàn)在進行時A、構(gòu)成形式：主語+be動詞+動詞的ing形式+其他。B、判斷依據(jù)：句中往往有、、listen等詞。注意：千萬不要忘了一定得有be動詞。C、句型變換：練一練：A、用所給的動詞的正確形式填空。1)Theboy____________(draw)apicturenow.2)What______you______(do)now?-48-師大教育謝老師3)Listen.Somegirls____________(sing)intheclassroom.4)Mymother____________(cook)somenicefoodnow.5)Look.They____________(have)anEnglishlesson.6)They____________(notwater)theflowersnow.7)Look!thegirls____________(dance)intheclassroom.8)Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She____________(listen)tomusic.9)______Helen______(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.B、根據(jù)中文，完成句子，每空一詞。1)劉濤的父親正在澆花。LiuTao’sfatheris____________.2)Look!Thechildren__________________intheplayground.3)她正在公園里散步嗎？是的。---_____she______awalkinthepark?---Yes,she______.4)Jack正在哪讀書？在他書房。---____________Jack______thebooknow?---Heis__________________.3、一般過去時-49-師大教育謝老師A、構(gòu)成形式：主語+動詞的過去式+其他。bedidn’t否定和用did提問后，動詞一定要用原形。B、判斷依據(jù)：（1be動詞是was；（2）動詞加ed；（3）有表示過去的時間狀語，現(xiàn)在學(xué)過的常用的表示過去的時間狀語有：justnow，amoment，yesterday，lastweek，lastnight，lastweekendlastyearlastthreedaystwoweeks，fiveyearsago…C、句型變換：-50-師大教育謝老師肯定句否定句一般疑問句及回答練一練：A動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1)Iwasn’ta--