全國(guó)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試五級(jí)(PETS5)歷年真題二

1、全國(guó)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試五級(jí)(PETS5)歷年真題二根據(jù)以下材料，回答31-34題（江南博哥）Pay and productivity, it is generally assumed, should be related. But the relationship seems to weaken (31)_.people get older.Mental ability declines (32)_age. That is the same for the brainy and the dim-and not (33)_for humans: it is measurable even (34)_f

2、ruit flies. (35)_minds that keep lively will suffer less than the lazy. In general, the more education you have, the more productiveyour old (36)_will be.Some (37)_decline faster than others. According to most studies, people's numeri-cal and reasoning abilities are (38)_their best in their 20s

3、and early 30s. (39)_ abilities-those that depend on knowledge-may improve with age.For most workers, decreased abilities will (40)_to lower productivity ; only a minor- ity will find know-how and knowledge outweighs their failing powers. Even those employees who remain highly productive will be like

4、ly to shine only in a narrow (41)_Academics notice this. It is less clear thatemployers do. Studies of supervisors' ratings show no clear correlation (42)_ age and perceived productivity. When other employees' views are (43)_into account though, thepicture changes: these ratings suggest that

5、 workers in their 30s are the (44)_productive and hardworking, (45)_scores falling there- after.That is (46)_up by studies of work samples, which fmd lower productivity among the oldest employees. A study for America's Department of Labor showed job performance peaking at 35,and (47)_declining.

6、It varied by industry: the fall was (48) in foot- wear, but faster in furniture.Intellectual occupations are harder to measure, but the picture is the same. Academics seem to publish (49)_ as they age. Painters, musicians and writers show the same tendency. Their outputpeaks in their 30s and 40s. Th

7、e only (50)_is female writers, who are m6st productive in their 50s.31 填空題 查看材料參考解析：as【精析】此空上一句意為：“人們普遍認(rèn)為工資和生產(chǎn)率應(yīng)該是相關(guān)的?！毕乱痪湟鉃椋骸暗沁@種關(guān)系在減弱人們?cè)谧兝??！笨芍鄙龠B詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主句和從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，應(yīng)填as，意為“隨著”。參考譯文 人們普遍認(rèn)為工資和生產(chǎn)率應(yīng)該是相關(guān)的。但隨著人的變老，這種關(guān)系似乎在減弱。心理能力隨著年齡而下降。不管是大腦聰明的人還是愚笨的人這都是一樣的。這不僅僅是對(duì)人類(lèi)來(lái)說(shuō)的。即使是在果蠅身上也是可測(cè)量的。

8、但是，活躍的大腦會(huì)比懶散的大腦受到的影響要小。在一般情況下，你受到的教育越多，年老時(shí)你就會(huì)越富有。有些能力下降比其他的要快。根據(jù)多數(shù)研究，人們的數(shù)字和推理能力表現(xiàn)最好的時(shí)候是在他們二三十歲左右。那些依賴(lài)于知識(shí)的其他能力，可能隨著年齡增長(zhǎng)而提高。對(duì)于大多數(shù)的工人，能力下降會(huì)導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)力下降，只有少數(shù)人能找到訣竅和知識(shí)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)他們下降的能力。即使是那些保持高生產(chǎn)力的員工將有可能只在一個(gè)狹窄的領(lǐng)域里發(fā)光。學(xué)者注意到這一點(diǎn)。雇主對(duì)于這是不太清楚的，關(guān)于主管評(píng)級(jí)的研究表明年齡和認(rèn)知生產(chǎn)率之間沒(méi)有明顯的相關(guān)性。當(dāng)其他員工的意見(jiàn)都被考慮到時(shí)，畫(huà)面變化了：這些評(píng)級(jí)表明，工人在30多歲時(shí)生產(chǎn)效率最高并工作最努力，

9、之后其分?jǐn)?shù)會(huì)隨之下降。對(duì)工作案例的研究支持了這一說(shuō)法，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)老員工生產(chǎn)率低。美國(guó)勞工部門(mén)研究顯示工作績(jī)效峰值為35歲，然后開(kāi)始下降。它因行業(yè)不同而不同：下跌較緩慢的是鞋類(lèi)生產(chǎn)行業(yè)，較快的是家具行業(yè)。智商更高的職業(yè)是難以衡量的，但數(shù)據(jù)圖是一樣的。學(xué)者似乎很少公布他們的年齡。畫(huà)家、音樂(lè)家和作家也表現(xiàn)出同樣的趨勢(shì)。他們的輸出峰值也出現(xiàn)在30多歲和40多歲。唯一的例外是女性作家，其輸出峰值出現(xiàn)在50多歲。32 填空題 查看材料參考解析：wim【精析】此句話意為：“心理能力年齡下降?！庇纱丝梢酝茰y(cè)出是指隨著年齡而下降。decline with表示“隨著而下降”。33

10、60;填空題 查看材料參考解析：only【精析】該句話句意為：“不管是大腦聰明的人還是愚笨的人這都是一樣的”?！斑@不是對(duì)于人類(lèi)來(lái)說(shuō)，即使是對(duì)果蠅來(lái)說(shuō)也是一樣”。由整句話可以推測(cè)出缺少“僅僅”一詞，因此可以填出only一詞。34 填空題 查看材料參考解析：for【精析】上一空填出來(lái)后便不難填出此空。此題可參考第33題的精析。35 填空題參考解析：But【精析】該句話意為：“活躍的大腦會(huì)比懶散的大腦受到的影響要小。在一般情況下，你受到的教育越多，年老時(shí)你就會(huì)越富有?！笨芍颂幮枰顚?xiě)一個(gè)關(guān)聯(lián)詞，與上一句話承接起來(lái)。聯(lián)系上下旬可知此處并非并列與遞進(jìn)而是轉(zhuǎn)折。故

11、填But。36 填空題參考解析：age【精析】該句句意為：“在一般情況下，你受到的教育越多，時(shí)你就會(huì)越富有?！贝颂幱昧恕皌he morethe more”的比較結(jié)構(gòu)。意思是說(shuō)年輕時(shí)受教育程度越高，年老時(shí)收獲就會(huì)越多?？梢酝茰y(cè)出填age一詞。37 填空題參考解析：abilities【精析】該段段意為：“有些下降比其他的要快。根據(jù)多數(shù)研究，人們的數(shù)字和推理能力表現(xiàn)最好的時(shí)候是他們二三十歲左右。那些依賴(lài)于知識(shí)的能力，可能隨著年齡增長(zhǎng)而提高?！笨芍硕握f(shuō)的是人的某些能力。不難推測(cè)出應(yīng)填abilities。38 填空題參考解析：at【精析】句意為：“人的

12、數(shù)學(xué)和推理能力在二三十歲左右表現(xiàn)最好”。at ones best time為固定搭配。表示在做某事的最佳時(shí)期。39 填空題參考解析：Other【精析】參考第37題的精析。Someand other經(jīng)常連用。聯(lián)系上面的內(nèi)容可知，此處說(shuō)的是其他的能力。40 填空題參考解析：1ead【精析】該句句意為“對(duì)于大多數(shù)的工人來(lái)說(shuō)，能力下降會(huì)生產(chǎn)力下降”?？芍颂幈硎救鄙俦硎尽皩?dǎo)致，引起”類(lèi)的詞。并且此空后面的to也能給予一定的提示，因此填lead。41 填空題參考解析：field【精析】該句句意為“即使是那些保持高生產(chǎn)力的員工有可能只在

13、一個(gè)狹窄的里發(fā)光。”根據(jù)句意可以推測(cè)得知應(yīng)填“領(lǐng)域”一詞。故填filed。表示在一個(gè)狹隘的領(lǐng)域里能有一些作為。42 填空題參考解析：between【精析】該句句意為“關(guān)于主管評(píng)級(jí)的研究表明年齡和認(rèn)知生產(chǎn)率沒(méi)有明顯的相關(guān)性?！眀etweenand，理解句意的基礎(chǔ)上不難填出between一詞。表示在年齡和生產(chǎn)力之間。43 填空題參考解析：taken【精析take something into account是一個(gè)固定搭配。把考慮進(jìn)來(lái)。該句句意為：“當(dāng)其他員工的意見(jiàn)都被考慮到時(shí)”。此處需要用被動(dòng)，故填taken。44 填空題參考解析：mos

14、t【精析】該句句意為：“這些評(píng)級(jí)表明，工人在30多歲時(shí)生產(chǎn)效率并工作最努力，之后其分?jǐn)?shù)會(huì)隨之下降?！笨芍丝找钜粋€(gè)最高級(jí)。故填most。45 填空題參考解析：with【精析】參考第44題的精析，表示伴隨著。并且可以從fall獲得提示。fall with表示隨著而下降。46 填空題參考解析：backed【精析】該句句意為“對(duì)工作樣本的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)老員工生產(chǎn)率低。這一研究支持了”。該空相對(duì)較難。back up是短語(yǔ)，意為“支持”。47 填空題參考解析：then【精析】該句句意為“美國(guó)勞工部門(mén)研究顯示工作績(jī)效峰值為35歲，開(kāi)始下降?！贝颂帒?yīng)該填表示遞進(jìn)

15、關(guān)系的詞“然后”。故填then。48 填空題參考解析：slower【精析】該句句意為“它因行業(yè)不同而不同：下跌是鞋類(lèi)生產(chǎn)行業(yè)，較快的是家具行業(yè)?！睆脑摼湓挷浑y看出填lower一詞，與后面的faster形成對(duì)比。49 填空題參考解析：1ess【精析】該句句意為：“在一些智力要求很高的職業(yè)中，是難以測(cè)量的，是因?yàn)樗麄児甲约旱哪挲g?！笨芍捎诤苌俟疾艜?huì)使得測(cè)量變難，應(yīng)填less一詞。50 填空題參考解析：exception【精析】該句句意為“畫(huà)家、音樂(lè)家和作家也表現(xiàn)出同樣的趨勢(shì)。他們的輸出峰值也出現(xiàn)在30多歲和40多歲。唯一的是女性作家，其輸出峰值出現(xiàn)在50多歲時(shí)。

16、”根據(jù)句意這里是說(shuō)唯一的例外是女性作家?？梢蕴畛鰁xception一詞。材料題根據(jù)以下材料，回答51-55題Text 2The threat of diseases such as influerlza or tuberculosis re-emerging in virulent form has been a common theme in recent years. That threat is not limited to human diseases. Our food plants get sick too, and just as human diseases evolve to

17、 evade antibiotics,so the diseases that strike our crops evolve to sidestep the resistance genes we have bred into them. For the vast majority of the calories the world eats, the key crop is grain.A ruinous wheat disease we have not had to worry about since the 1950s is making a come- back, and unle

18、ss we are very lucky, we will not have sufficient defences to protect crops every- where inthe world against it in time. That stem rust would evolve and return to plague us was in- evitable, but our lack of preparation to ward it off was not.Research into stem rust was bound to tail off once the dis

19、ease seemed beaten, but the world let down its guard too far, for ideological reasons. In the 1980s governments of industrialized coun-tries, especially the UK and US, started to lose patience with the "multilateral" agencies that engi- neered much of the global progress in agriculture aft

20、er the Second World War. Each governmentwanted the agencies to dance only to its tune. This included the Consultative Group for Internation- al Agricultural Research, the global network of labs that created the "Green Revolution".The CGIAR remains the leading, sometimes only source of agri

21、cultural research devoted to global good rather than private profit."Multilateral" funding meant these labs received income from rich donors with no strings atta- ched. Researchers at the labs were able to spend the money the way they thought best-including the unglamorous task of making s

22、ure that crops' disease resistance kept pace with the diseases. However, for more than two decades, donors have been cutting this funding in favour of onlyfi- nancing projects allied to their own interests. As wheat stem rust re-emerged in 1999, the main CGIAR wheat lab was entering a major fund

23、ing crisis, and ended up sacking a quarter of its scien- tists. It has taken until now to beg enough money to fight the disease.There are now signs that donors may be moving back to more open-ended funding, which is to be encouraged. They should also increase their derisory funding for this vital re

24、search: stem rust is poised to teach us the dangers of complacency.The world population is predicted to rise by another 3 billion by 2050, yet increases in food production have stagnated, technological fixes are spent, and global warming-and the return of diseases like stem rust-look likely to take

25、back many of the gains we have made. Food security affects political security, and one of the first regions to suffer from stem rust will be the volatile Middle East, including Iraq.Agricultural research for the public good is the only way to provide that security. It is certainly cheaper than build

26、ing armies.51 單選題 The human and crop diseases once under control have come back again because 查看材料A. antibiotics do not work anymore.B. human diseases spread to plants.C. there is genetic resistance in the

27、m.D. human interventions no longer work.正確答案：C參考解析：C【精析】細(xì)節(jié)題。題目問(wèn)的是“人與谷物疾病曾經(jīng)被控制還會(huì)復(fù)發(fā)的原因是 _ 。”A抗生素不起作用，不正確；B在文章中沒(méi)有提及，故B錯(cuò)誤；D在文章中也沒(méi)出現(xiàn)，可以排除；由文中thediseases that strike our crops evolve to sidestep thethem，可看出C為正確答案，所以選擇C。參考譯文 近些

28、年來(lái)一些疾病的威脅，例如流行性感冒或肺結(jié)核，以一種致命的形式再次浮現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象已屢見(jiàn)不鮮。這種威脅不僅僅局限于人類(lèi)疾病。我們食用的植物也染病，正如人類(lèi)疾病進(jìn)化到抵抗抗生素一樣，那些攻擊我們糧食的疾病也進(jìn)化來(lái)逃避我們所研究的糧食抗病基因。因?yàn)槿澜缛怂缘募Z食中最主要的農(nóng)作物是谷類(lèi)。自從20世紀(jì)50年代以來(lái)，一種我們從未擔(dān)心的毀滅性的小麥疾病正在卷土重來(lái)，我們沒(méi)有足夠的防衛(wèi)措施來(lái)及時(shí)保護(hù)世界上所有的農(nóng)作物，除非我們足夠的幸運(yùn)。那種莖銹病不可避免地又回來(lái)折磨我們，而且我們?nèi)狈?zhǔn)備這使我們難以避開(kāi)它。一旦莖銹病看似被打敗了，對(duì)它的調(diào)查必然縮小，但是這個(gè)世界因?yàn)橐庾R(shí)形態(tài)的原因已經(jīng)讓它的守衛(wèi)者太失望。在20

29、世紀(jì)踟年代，工業(yè)化國(guó)家尤其是英美兩國(guó)已經(jīng)開(kāi)始對(duì)“多邊機(jī)構(gòu)”失去耐性，這個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)自二戰(zhàn)以后致力于研究全球農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展。每個(gè)政府都希望這個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)僅按自己的方式做事。其中就包括國(guó)際農(nóng)業(yè)研究磋商組織，這個(gè)組織有全球?qū)嶒?yàn)室網(wǎng)絡(luò)并且創(chuàng)造性地提出了“綠色革命”的想法。國(guó)際農(nóng)業(yè)研究磋商組織仍起著主導(dǎo)作用，有時(shí)它擁有的農(nóng)業(yè)調(diào)查資源僅奉獻(xiàn)于全球事業(yè)而不是私人謀益?！岸噙叀被鹁鸵馕吨鴮?shí)驗(yàn)室的經(jīng)費(fèi)來(lái)自于并不固定的富有的捐贈(zèng)者們。實(shí)驗(yàn)室的調(diào)查人員按照他們認(rèn)為最好的方式花錢(qián)，其中就包括保證農(nóng)作物疾病抗體與疾病同步這種單調(diào)的工作。但20多年來(lái)捐贈(zèng)者們正在減少這種基金而只按照自己的興趣去投資項(xiàng)目。在1999年小麥莖銹病重現(xiàn)之時(shí)，

30、國(guó)際農(nóng)業(yè)研究磋商組織的主要小麥實(shí)驗(yàn)室遇到了大的資金危機(jī)并最后解雇了14的科學(xué)家。他們直到現(xiàn)在還通過(guò)要錢(qián)來(lái)對(duì)抗這種疾病。現(xiàn)在有跡象表明捐贈(zèng)人可能會(huì)更開(kāi)放的進(jìn)行投資，這種行為很受鼓勵(lì)。他們也應(yīng)該增加對(duì)研究方面的投資，這種研究雖重要但基金少得可憐。莖銹病準(zhǔn)備教會(huì)我們意識(shí)到自滿的危害。至2050年，世界人口預(yù)計(jì)可能再增加30億，但是食物產(chǎn)量的增長(zhǎng)處于停滯狀態(tài)。技術(shù)上的開(kāi)銷(xiāo)花費(fèi)很多，但是像全球變暖，莖銹病之類(lèi)的疾病重現(xiàn)很可能把我們已經(jīng)種植的糧食帶走。食物安全影響政治安全，第一個(gè)可能遭受莖銹病的地區(qū)之一可能是動(dòng)蕩的中東地區(qū)包括伊拉克。農(nóng)業(yè)研究是唯一能夠給公眾安全提供保障的方法。這當(dāng)然要比組建軍隊(duì)便宜很多。

31、52 單選題 In the battle against the re-emergence of stem rust, the author 查看材料A. does not see a positive prospect of it.B. feels that humans are very unfortunate.C. sees no need to worry a

32、bout it.D. foresees possible defences against it.正確答案：A參考解析：A【精析】細(xì)節(jié)題。題目問(wèn)的是“在與重新出現(xiàn)的莖銹病作斗爭(zhēng)的過(guò)程中作者的看法是?！睆牡诙蜹hat stem rust wouldevolve and return to plague US was inevitable可看出作者的擔(dān)憂，故選A。B認(rèn)為人類(lèi)十分不幸，原文為unless we are&#

33、160;very lucky錯(cuò)誤，C認(rèn)為沒(méi)必要擔(dān)心也不正確，D以為預(yù)見(jiàn)可能的措施抵抗它，但明顯作者很悲觀，故D錯(cuò)誤，選擇A。53 單選題 Multilateral research institutions have not functioned properly since the 1980s 查看材料A. when the disease of stem rust was brought under control.B. when 

34、a lot of progress was made in agricultural research.C. because some member countries only care about their own benefits.D. because they failed to meet the needs of e

35、ach member country.正確答案：C參考解析：C【精析】推斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“自1980起，多邊調(diào)查協(xié)會(huì)不能正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的原因是_?！盇、B項(xiàng)根據(jù)文章中很容易排除；而D在文章中并沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)，錯(cuò)誤；從第三段中的Ill the l980s governments及dance only to its tune可知選C。54 單選題 According to the author, the research labs have failed to fight stem rust beca

36、use 查看材料A.there is insufficient funding for the research.B. few scientists would undertake the unglamorous task.C. experienced scientists left for better-paid jobs.D. little work has

37、60;been done by the scientists in the field.正確答案：A參考解析：A【精析】推斷題。題目問(wèn)的是“根據(jù)作者的意思，實(shí)驗(yàn)室防治莖銹病失敗的原因是?！睆牡谒亩沃械摹癆s wheat stemente-ring a major funding crisis”及“It has takenfight the disease”可知資金短缺是其根本原因，而B(niǎo)，C選項(xiàng)都是由A導(dǎo)致的可以排除，而由文章可

38、知科學(xué)家對(duì)抗莖銹病做出了很大的努力，D與文章相悖，故選擇A。55 單選題 Which of the following is the best title for the article? 查看材料A. Rusting Crops B. Rusting DefencesC. Decreasing FundingD. Diminishing Research正確答案：B參考解析：B【精析】主旨題。題目問(wèn)的是“下面哪項(xiàng)是文章最恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題?”A為谷物銹病，C為資金減少，D為調(diào)查縮小

39、，而本文主要講述了對(duì)農(nóng)作物疾病的防治，B符合要求，最適合為標(biāo)題，故選B。材料題根據(jù)以下材料，回答56-60題When my mother learned she was pregnant with me, my parents sat down one Sunday morn- ing to review their finances. Turning on the radio for a little light music, they penciled some calcu- lations for the savings they would need to make to pay fo

40、r my college education. The music paused for an announcement that Japanese airplanes were attacking Pearl Harbor. The notes went into the wastebasket.66Not so today for all the upheaval of the past half-century, this has been by far the most tran- quil period ever. Unlike any of their forebears, a m

41、ajority of the world's young adults have good reason to develop plans for their old age. They know they will probably live to see the gr.eenhouse- warmed planet of the late 21st century.67This is also unprecedented: never in history have people roused themselves against such a dis- tant threat.

42、Millions of people and whole governments are addressing the issue. Even in the US ar- my, senior officers are studying, the implications for their organization and looking for ways to re- duce emissions. All this suggests that the pessimists who claim humanity is unable to rise to the challenge have

43、 got it wrong.Of course, it is no use having a long-term perspective without the means to do something about it. Fortunately, our social and political mechanisms are progressing swiftly.68The past century has brought social progress as dramatic as that in industry. Economic stabili- ty, for example,

44、 is no accident: it is engineered by an international network of central banks, steadily expanding their cooperation. Non-governmental organizations provide new services, from the certification of "fair trade" coffee to secret cash transfers. In 1948, the UN formally consulted with 41 NGOs

45、; it now consults with more than 1,600.69Almost every week we see these powerful tools applied in novel ways. Consider what hap- pened recently when Texas power company TXU revealed plans to build a dozen coal-fired plants that would emit vast amounts of carbon dioxide. An alliance of environmentali

46、st NGOs spotlighted the development on the Internet. Meanwhile, an international fmancial consortium took an interest. After intense negotiations, the consortium won the environmentalists' public blessing to buy TXU by promising to sharply reduce the planned emissions. The NGOs held no political

47、 office and wiel- ded no investment billions; their power came from the skilful organization of a million mouse clicks.70These developments are nowhere near enough t guaragtee we can meet the challenge of cli- mate change. Time is short and the prospect of even partial success remains uncertain. Yet

48、 we can avoid catastrophe by mobilizing our ingenuity and community spirit. Addressing global wanning will require less sacrifice than defeating Fascism, but more foresight-and that is exactly what we have been acquiring. If humanity's track record with long-term problems shows mostly indifferen

49、ce and failure, that need not set precedent for our future.A.Our civilization has grown more stable, not only because scientific advances have doubled life expectancy, but also because we have multiplied our capacity to store, transmit and ana- lyze information. Since 1990, both the volume and speed

50、 of traffic on the Intemet have doubled every two years or less. We are also much better informed than a generation ago about how society works.B.As such, global warming poses an unprecedented problem. For the first time in history, we have learned with scientific precision of have calamities in sto

51、re, and find we must change the very basis of the world economy. The remarkable thing is that our society appears to be responding.C.There are immediate steps we can take to reduce emissions, but also, we must invest more heavily now in researching and developing new technologies to reduce emissions

52、 further in the future. We can see immediate results in lower emissions. But the real results we want- avoiding drought, sea-level rise, disease, etc.-will come much later. We have to be will- ing to invest now to avoid much higher costs later.D.Such was life back then: surprised repeatedly by wars

53、and revolutions, by the rise and col- .lapse of ideologies like Fascism, and by periods of raging inflation and catastrophic depres- sion, few could confidently predict what their lives would be like even a decade ahead.E.Most unexpected of all is the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The I

54、PCC was created by conservatives to forestall "alarmist" declarations from self-appointed committees of scientists. Governments committed the IPCC to repeated rounds of study and debate, for- bidding any announcement except by unanimous consensus. It seemed a sure formula for pa- ralysis.

55、However, the power of democratic methods, combined with rational argument, overcame all obstacles. The IPCC has evolved into a robust transnational institution that pro- vides authoritative conclusions of grave significance. It is, again, unprecedented.F.This growth is driven not only by better comm

56、unications and new ideas, but more importantly by the spread of democracy. Half the world's population now lives under democratic govern- ment. It is almost exclusively in these nations that the new cooperative institutions have been created.56 單選題 查看材料ABCDEF正確答案：D參考解析：D【精析】根據(jù)第一段，前面講到社

57、會(huì)的不穩(wěn)定因素“The musicpaused for all announcement that Japanese airplanes were attackingPearl HarborThe notes went into the wastebasket”可知此處講述社會(huì)發(fā)生了動(dòng)蕩。因此下文應(yīng)該承接上文的社會(huì)動(dòng)亂因素及產(chǎn)生的影響。故選D。參考譯文當(dāng)我媽媽得知她懷了我時(shí)，在一個(gè)周末的早晨，我的父母坐下來(lái)好好的清點(diǎn)一下他們的財(cái)產(chǎn)。他們打開(kāi)收音機(jī)

58、播放著輕音樂(lè)，用鉛筆計(jì)算著我一直到上大學(xué)所需的費(fèi)用。音樂(lè)暫停了，廣播里播報(bào)日本的飛機(jī)正在襲擊珍珠港的新聞。那張紙作廢了。 66 從此生活向后倒退：由于受到持續(xù)不斷的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和革命的驚嚇，受到像法西斯這種意識(shí)形態(tài)興起的沖擊以及周期性的嚴(yán)重通貨膨脹和經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條，很少有人能夠信心滿滿的預(yù)測(cè)他們的生活是否能夠像十年前的人那樣。今天不再像過(guò)去的那半個(gè)世紀(jì)一樣動(dòng)蕩不安了，現(xiàn)在是長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)最和平的時(shí)期。世界上大多數(shù)年輕人不再像他們的祖輩一樣，他們可以為自己的后半生好好規(guī)劃。他們知道他們有可能活到溫室效應(yīng)影響21世紀(jì)后期的地球的那一天。 67嚴(yán)格來(lái)說(shuō)全球變暖導(dǎo)致了前所未見(jiàn)的難題。有史以

59、來(lái)第一次我們通過(guò)科學(xué)的精確計(jì)算了解到即將發(fā)生的災(zāi)難，也意識(shí)到我們必須改變世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)。很明顯，社會(huì)正對(duì)此作出回應(yīng)。這同樣也是史無(wú)前例的：人類(lèi)歷史上從未有人起來(lái)反抗這種未來(lái)的威脅。數(shù)百萬(wàn)計(jì)的民眾和各國(guó)政府都在處理這一問(wèn)題。甚至在美國(guó)軍方，高級(jí)官員也正在研究他們的機(jī)構(gòu)能夠帶來(lái)的影響，并尋找減排的方法。所有這些都證明了悲觀者認(rèn)為人類(lèi)無(wú)法接受這一挑戰(zhàn)的觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)的。當(dāng)然，光有遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)不做實(shí)事也是沒(méi)用的。所幸的是，我們的社會(huì)機(jī)構(gòu)和政治體制進(jìn)展的都很迅速。 68 當(dāng)前我們可以采取一些減排措施，同時(shí)，我們也得加大對(duì)科研的投資和發(fā)展新技術(shù)為未來(lái)的減排工作作準(zhǔn)備。低量排放效果顯著。但我們真正期盼

60、的結(jié)果像防旱災(zāi)，防止海平面上升，防止疾病的爆發(fā)等則要較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能顯示出效果。我們須得寧愿現(xiàn)在投資也不要日后損失更多。上個(gè)世紀(jì)帶來(lái)了社會(huì)和工業(yè)方面的巨大飛躍。例如，經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定并非偶然，它是中央銀行全球網(wǎng)絡(luò)操作的結(jié)果，持續(xù)的擴(kuò)大了國(guó)際銀行業(yè)間的合作。非政府組織提供了新的服務(wù)，范圍包括從保證公平平貿(mào)易的咖啡業(yè)到秘密轉(zhuǎn)賬業(yè)務(wù)。在1948年，聯(lián)合國(guó)正式與41個(gè)非政府組織協(xié)商國(guó)際事務(wù)，現(xiàn)如今有超過(guò)1600個(gè)非政府組織可供咨詢。   69   聯(lián)合國(guó)政府間氣候變化專(zhuān)門(mén)委員會(huì)的成立最出人意料，它是由保守者建立起來(lái)的用于防止那些自稱(chēng)是科學(xué)家們的委員會(huì)發(fā)布

61、的聳人聽(tīng)聞的公告。各國(guó)政府通過(guò)此委員會(huì)相互學(xué)習(xí)、討論，但不允許有任何未經(jīng)達(dá)成一致共識(shí)的聲明。這看似是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的解決方法：民主的方法與理性的論點(diǎn)相結(jié)合能夠克服一切困難。聯(lián)合國(guó)政府間氣候變化專(zhuān)門(mén)委員會(huì)已逐漸演變成一個(gè)強(qiáng)勁的跨國(guó)機(jī)構(gòu)，做出了極為重要的權(quán)威結(jié)論。而這同樣也是史無(wú)前例的。幾乎每周我們都可看到這種有力的手段以新奇的方式在被運(yùn)用。試想，當(dāng)?shù)轮莨秒娏竟_(kāi)他們將建立十二個(gè)燃煤工廠的計(jì)劃。而此計(jì)劃將排放大量的二氧化碳時(shí)，最近會(huì)發(fā)生什么。一個(gè)非政府間的環(huán)境主義者聯(lián)盟會(huì)特別關(guān)注網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展。與此同時(shí)，一個(gè)國(guó)際財(cái)團(tuán)也對(duì)此產(chǎn)生了興趣。經(jīng)過(guò)一番激烈的討論過(guò)后，這個(gè)財(cái)團(tuán)許諾大量減少原計(jì)劃的排放量，由此贏得了

62、環(huán)保主義者的許可來(lái)收購(gòu)德州公用電力公司。非政府組織沒(méi)有政治機(jī)構(gòu)，也沒(méi)有投資資金。他們的力量來(lái)自于某個(gè)嫻熟組織的一百萬(wàn)次的鼠標(biāo)點(diǎn)擊。 70 不僅僅是更好地交流和新的理念推動(dòng)了這一進(jìn)步，更重要的是更為廣泛的民主。全世界一半的人民都生活在民主政府的管治下。在這些國(guó)家中這種新型合作式機(jī)構(gòu)的建立幾乎是各國(guó)獨(dú)有的。這些發(fā)展不足以保證我們能夠迎接氣候改變的挑戰(zhàn)。時(shí)間雖短，成功與否仍不確定，但我們能夠運(yùn)用我們的聰明才智和團(tuán)隊(duì)精神從而避免這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難。處理全球變暖這一問(wèn)題并非像打敗法西斯那樣要做出如此大的犧牲。但要更有遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)，而這也是我們一直就做到的。如果前人對(duì)于長(zhǎng)期的問(wèn)題都漠不關(guān)心，也無(wú)能為力，我們也不必為自己的未來(lái)開(kāi)此先例。57 單選題查看材料ABCDEF正確答案：B參考解析：B【精析】根據(jù)上文推理，上文說(shuō)到溫室效應(yīng)“They