2023屆浙江省寧波市高三上學(xué)期高考與選考模擬考試英語試題（一模）Word版含解析

22/2323/23/寧波市2022學(xué)年第一學(xué)期高考與選考模擬考試英語試題第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題:每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從?中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdoesthewomanrecommendthemantobuy?A.Someteabags.B.Ateacup.C.Ateapot.2.Whathappenstotheman’sphone?A.It’slostagain.B.It’stoooldtoupdatethesystem.C.Itneedsmoremoneyforadatapackage.3.Whatdoesthewomancaremostaboutthebookshelf?A.Theheight.B.Thesize.C.Thecolor.4.Howdoesthemanusuallygettowork?A.Bybus.B.Bycar.C.Bytrain.5.What’stheproblemwiththewoman’scomputeraccordingtotheman?A.Itsfanisbroken.B.It’squiteold.C.It’stoodirty.第二節(jié)(共15小題:每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對話,回答第6、7題。6.Whyisthewomansoupsetwiththeman?A.Hegotlostintheforest.B.Hedidn’tfollowheradvice.C.Hedidn’tbringproperclothing.7.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Buildingabridge.B.Climbingamountain.C.Lookingfordirections.聽下面一段對話,回答第8至10題。8.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Driverandpassenger.B.Motherandson.C.Doctorandpatient.9.Howdoesthemansound?A.Rude.B.Calm.C.Friendly.10.Whichcitywillthewomanvisitnextweek?A.NewYork.B.London.C.Toronto.聽下面一段對話,回答第11至13題。11.Howmanyquestionsdidthewomananswer?A.Four.B.Five.C.Eight.12.Whatdidthespeakersjustdo?A.Acompetition.B.Somehomework.C.Atest.13.Whichsubjectarethespeakersdiscussing?A.History.B.English.C.Maths.聽下面一段對話,回答第14至17題。14.Howdoesthewomanfeelabouttherecyclingrules?A.Confused.B.Confident.C.Content.15.Whichitemswillberegardedasgeneralwaste?AB.EnvelopsB.EnvelopsC.Bottles.16.Whatistheproblemwiththeplate?A.It’stoobig.B.Itcan’tberecycled.C.Ithasn’tbeenwashed.17.Whenistherecyclingcollected?A.OnMonday.B.OnTuesday.C.OnWednesday.聽下面一段獨(dú)白,回答第18至20題。18.Whatisrequiredtolearntoplaythepiano?A.Deeppassion.B.Highattention.C.Strongmuscles.19.Whydomusiciandowellonintelligencetests?A.Theylearneffectively.B.Theyunderstandtheoryeasily.C.Theyfinishthetestindividually.20.Whatisthedisadvantageofplayingchess?A.Itlackscooperation.B.Itcostsalotoftime.C.Itrequireshighintelligence.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題:每小題1.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AWithaworldfulloffascinatingdestinations,choosingtheperfectvacationspotcanpresentachallenge.Usetheserecommendationstomakeyourtravelbucketlist.ParisThemagneticCitydrawsvisitorsfromaroundtheglobetoseeiconicattractionsliketheEiffelTowerandtheLouvre.Butwhattravelersreallylovearetheold-fashionedcafes,livelymarketsandtrendyshoppingdistricts.Getlostwanderingalongthecharmingstreets,orrelaxonthebanksoftheSeineforhours.Ifyou’reupforaquickdaytrip,headtothePalaceofVersailles,whichoffersguidedandself-guidedtoursoftheestate.SouthIslandNewZealand’sSouthIslandbrimswithmagnificentlandscapeateveryturn.Here,youcanadmirethemountainsofFiordlandNationalPark.Atnight,journeytotheMountJohnObservatorytogazeatthestarryskies.YoucanalsosatisfyyourselfinQueenstown(afavoritedestinationamongbungeejumpers),sampledeliciouswineintheMarlboroughregionorexploreNewZealand’smostaccessibleglaciersontheisland’swestcoast.BoraBoraHere,inthissmallFrenchPolynesianisland,you’llfindpicturesquebeaches,appealingjunglesandluxuriousresorts.Theisland’sextinctvolcano,MountOtemanu,makesachallenginghike,andthefriendlyBoraBoralocalscanhelpyoucatchaglimpseoftheisland’sbestsights.AlthoughatriptoBoraBoraisveryexpensive,mosttravelerssayit’swortheverypenny.GrandCanyonTheGrandCanyonoffersplentyofoutdooractivitiesforeveryonefromday-tripperstoadventurejunkies.Hikealongthenationalpark’spopularRimandBrightAngeltrailsforexceptionalviews,experiencearaftingtripdowntheColoradoRiverorviewthedramaticArizonalandscapefromaboveduringahelicoptertour.Ifyou’refeelingespeciallydaring,signupforskydivingabovethecanyon.1.Whichofthefollowingdestinationsisaparadiseforshoppinglovers?A.Paris. B.SouthIsland.C.BoraBora. D.GrandCanyon.2.WhatdoSouthIslandandGrandCanyonhaveincommon?A.Theybothoffertravelersafantasticislandview.B.Theybothallowtravelerstoexperienceadventures.C.Theybothallowtravelerstostaywithlocalfamilies.D.Theybothoffertravelerschancestoobservethesky.3.Thistextismainlyintendedfor________.A.touristguides B.magazineeditorsC.fashiondesigners D.vacationplanners【答案】1.A2.B3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了四個旅游勝地的情況?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Paris下的描述“Butwhattravelersreallylovearetheold-fashionedcafes,livelymarketsandtrendyshoppingdistricts.(但旅行者真正喜歡的是老式的咖啡館、熱鬧的市場和時髦的購物區(qū))”可知，巴黎是購物愛好者的天堂。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)SouthIsland下的介紹“YoucanalsosatisfyyourselfinQueenstown(afavoritedestinationamongbungeejumpers),sampledeliciouswineintheMarlboroughregionorexploreNewZealand’smostaccessibleglaciersontheisland’swestcoast.(你也可以在皇后鎮(zhèn)(蹦極愛好者最喜歡的目的地)滿足自己，在馬爾伯勒地區(qū)品嘗美味的葡萄酒，或探索新西蘭西海岸最容易到達(dá)的冰川)”以及GrandCanyon下的介紹“TheGrandCanyonoffersplentyofoutdooractivitiesforeveryonefromday-tripperstoadventurejunkies.(大峽谷為從一日游到冒險愛好者的所有人提供了大量的戶外活動)”可知，兩者的共同之處是它們都能讓旅行者體驗冒險。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Withaworldfulloffascinatingdestinations,choosingtheperfectvacationspotcanpresentachallenge.Usetheserecommendationstomakeyourtravelbucketlist.(世界上充滿了迷人目的地，選擇一個完美的度假地點是一個挑戰(zhàn)。使用這些建議來制作你的旅行愿望清單)”可知，本文主要是為假期計劃者準(zhǔn)備的。故選D。BSixmonthsago,28-year-oldDannyWallace,whoearnshislivingasaTVcomicand“ideas”man,hadagreatidea.Whatifhestartedhisowncountryandinvitedanyonewhowantedtojoinhimtobecomeacitizen?So,naminghimselfKingDannyIanddeclaringhisone-bedroomflatinEastLondonanindependentstate,hesetabouttakingthenecessarystepstomakehisdreamcometrue.HeevendocumentedhisprogressinhisBBC2seriesHowToStartYourOwnCountry,whichcomestotheendofitssix-weekrunonWednesday.Overthesixweeks,Dannyexploredthepossibilitiesofforminghisowncountry.ThefirstthingonhisagendawastohandinhisDeclarationofIndependencetotheprimeminister.Withthisoutoftheway,hewasfreetostartthinkingaboutwritingaconstitutionandsettingupagovernment.Thenhewasofftodesignhisownflagandrecordhisownnationalanthemandevengotsomeonetodesignpossiblepostagestampsofhiscountry,withhisfaceonthem!ThefinalthingDannyhadtodowastofindanameforhiscountry.Athisrequest,citizenssentinthousandsofsuggestionsastowhatthisnewcountrycouldbecalled.IdeasrangedfromFlatlandtoWallaceland!But,intheend,thefinalselectioncamedowntojusttwo:HomeorLovely.Aimingtobecomethemostdemocraticdemocracyintheworldwhereitscitizenshavetheopportunitytoenjoyequality,KingDannyachievedaworldfirstandletthepeopledecide.Lovelyfinallystoodout.Whetherthecountrywillcontinuetogrowwillverymuchdependonhowbusyitscreatoris.And,asDannyWallaceismuchindemandforseveralotherTVprojects,itmightfalltoothermembersofhisgovernmenttokeepthingsrunning.Butwithelectionspromisedeverysixmonths,thecreationoftheUniversityofLovelyandseveralsportingeventsplannedoverthecomingweeks,thereareplentyofactivitiestokeepthecitizensofLovelyoccupiedforquiteawhileyet.4.WhatdoesDannyWallace’s“greatidea”inParagraph1referto?A.Makingadocumentary. B.Foundinganewcountry.C.Owninganindependentstate. D.ChoosingactorsforaTVshow.5.What’scrucialtocarryingoutDanny’sgreatidea?A.Draftingaconstitution. B.Gettingofficialapproval.C.Analyzingthepossibilities. D.Composinganationalanthem.6.WhatcanbeinferredfromthefinaldecisiononthenameLovely?A.LovelybeatHomeinthefinalselection.B.Theworldiscreatedbyordinarypeople.C.Thecitizens’rightsofacountryarerespected.D.LovelysignalsthesuccessfulruleofKingDanny.7.What’smainlydiscussedinthelastparagraph?A.ThefutureofLovely. B.Thelifeofthecitizens.C.ThedailyroutineofDannyWallace. D.TheestablishmentoftheUniversityofLovely.【答案】4.B5.B6.C7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了28歲的丹尼·華萊士6個月前有了建立自己國家的想法，在六周的時間里，丹尼探索了建立自己國家的可能性。文章介紹了他建立國家的過程和國家的未來發(fā)展?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文“Whatifhestartedhisowncountryandinvitedanyonewhowantedtojoinhimtobecomeacitizen?(如果他建立了自己的國家，邀請任何想加入他的人成為公民呢？)”可知，丹尼·華萊士在第一段中的“偉大的想法”指的是建立一個新國家。故greatidea指的是“建立一個新國家”。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“ThefirstthingonhisagendawastohandinhisDeclarationofIndependencetotheprimeminister.Withthisoutoftheway,hewasfreetostartthinkingaboutwritingaconstitutionandsettingupagovernment.(他議程上的第一件事是向首相遞交《獨(dú)立宣言》。這件事解決后，他可以自由地開始考慮制定憲法和組建政府)”可知，實現(xiàn)丹尼的偉大想法的關(guān)鍵是獲得官方批準(zhǔn)。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“But,intheend,thefinalselectioncamedowntojusttwo:HomeorLovely.Aimingtobecomethemostdemocraticdemocracyintheworldwhereitscitizenshavetheopportunitytoenjoyequality,KingDannyachievedaworldfirstandletthepeopledecide.Lovelyfinallystoodout.(但最終，最終的選擇只有兩個：Home或Lovely。丹尼國王的目標(biāo)是成為世界上最民主的民主國家，讓公民享有平等的機(jī)會，實現(xiàn)了世界上第一個由人民決定的民主國家。Lovely終于脫穎而出了)”由此，我們可以從Lovely這個名字的最終決定中推斷出一個國家的公民權(quán)利受到尊重。故選C?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Whetherthecountrywillcontinuetogrowwillverymuchdependonhowbusyitscreatoris.And,asDannyWallaceismuchindemandforseveralotherTVprojects,itmightfalltoothermembersofhisgovernmenttokeepthingsrunning.Butwithelectionspromisedeverysixmonths,thecreationoftheUniversityofLovelyandseveralsportingeventsplannedoverthecomingweeks,thereareplentyofactivitiestokeepthecitizensofLovelyoccupiedforquiteawhileyet.(這個國家能否繼續(xù)發(fā)展，很大程度上取決于它的締造者有多忙。此外，由于丹尼·華萊士在其他幾部電視節(jié)目中很受歡迎，維持運(yùn)營的重任可能落到他的政府的其他成員身上。但是，每六個月舉行一次選舉，拉維大學(xué)的成立，以及未來幾周計劃舉行的幾項體育賽事，拉維的市民們在相當(dāng)長一段時間內(nèi)仍有大量的活動可做)”可知，最后一段主要討論了Lovely的未來。故選A。CIf,likeme,you’rethekindofpersonwhofindsithardtomakedecisions,thenMalcolmGladwell’sBlinkmightjustbethebookyouhavebeenwaitingfor.BecauseBlinkisallaboutrapidcognition—thatis,thosemomentswhenwemakesnapjudgements,forexample,whenmeetingsomeoneforthefirsttimeorlookingatsomethingwe’rethinkingofbuying.Heanalysesexactlywhatgoesoninourheadswhenwemakesplit-seconddecisionsandcomparesthistothethoughtprocessesinvolvedwhenwetakelongertocometoadecision.Interestinglyheclaimsthat,“Therearelotsofsituations—particularlyattimesofhighpressureandstress—whenfortunatelyhastedoesnotmakewaste.”WhatmakesBlinkareallyinterestingreadisthenumberofstoriesthatGladwellincludestosupporthistheories.OnesuchstoryinvolvesdoctorsintheEmergencyRoomatCookCountyHospitalinChicago.Aftertoldtochangethewayofdiagnoses,insteadofaskingforinformationsuchasthepatient’sageandweightandmedicalhistory,theyweregoingtofocusonlyonthepatient’sbloodpressure.AndnowCookCountyisoneofthebestplacesintheUSatdiagnosingchestpain.Ofcoursethereareoccasionswhenweleaptothewrongconclusion.Inhisresearch,GladwelldiscoveredthatalmostalltheCEOsofthetopcompaniesintheUSaretall.Thereisnoactualrelationshipbetweenheightandintelligence,butforsomereason,corporationsoverwhelminglychoosetallpeopleforleadershiproles.Thereissomethinggoingoninthefirstfewsecondsofmeetingatallpersonwhichmakesusthinkofthatpersonasaneffectiveleader,whichunfortunatelystopsusfrommakinganinformeddecision.Allinall,Blinkisafascinatingstudyonanactivitythatwealldoseveraltimesaday.Readitandmakebetterdecisions.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“snap”inthefirstparagraphmean?A.Instant. B.Decisive. C.Hesitant D.Important.9.HowweredoctorsatCookCountyHospitalabletomakebetterdiagnoses?A.Byobtainingthepatients’medicalhistory.B.Bybasingdiagnosesonpatients’bloodpressure.C.Byabandoningregularwaysofdiagnosingpatients.D.Byinquiringaboutcurrenthealthconditionofthepatients.10.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestbymentioningleadershiprolesoftallpeople?A.Tallpeopletendtobecapableleaders.B.Aperson’sheightandintelligencearecloselyrelated.C.CEOsoftopcompaniesusuallydrawrightconclusions.D.Thefirstimpressionofapersoncanresultinbadjudgement.11.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Tohonorawriter. B.Torecommendabook.C.Tointroducearesearch. D.Toexplainaphenomenon.【答案】8.A9.B10.D11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一本馬爾科姆·格拉德威爾的《眨眼》一書，可以幫助人快速做出決定?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“BecauseBlinkisallaboutrapidcognition”（因為Blink是關(guān)于快速認(rèn)知的）以及后文“forexample,whenmeetingsomeoneforthefirsttimeorlookingatsomethingwe’rethinkingofbuying”（例如，當(dāng)我們第一次見到某人或者看到我們想買的東西的時候。）可知，舉例是為了對前文做解釋，因而劃線詞所在句指也就是說，當(dāng)我們做出立即判斷的時候，故畫線詞意思是“立即”。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“OnesuchstoryinvolvesdoctorsintheEmergencyRoomatCookCountyHospitalinChicago.Aftertoldtochangethewayofdiagnoses,insteadofaskingforinformationsuchasthepatient’sageandweightandmedicalhistory,theyweregoingtofocusonlyonthepatient’sbloodpressure.AndnowCookCountyisoneofthebestplacesintheUSatdiagnosingchestpain.(其中一個故事涉及芝加哥庫克縣醫(yī)院急診室的醫(yī)生。在被告知改變診斷方式后，他們不再詢問患者的年齡、體重和病史等信息，而是只關(guān)注患者的血壓?，F(xiàn)在庫克縣是美國診斷胸痛最好的地方之一)”可知，庫克縣醫(yī)院的醫(yī)生根據(jù)病人的血壓進(jìn)行診斷，從而做出更好的診斷。故選B?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Ofcourse,thereareoccasionswhenweleaptothewrongconclusion.Inhisresearch,GladwelldiscoveredthatalmostalltheCEOsofthetopcompaniesintheUSaretall.Thereisnoactualrelationshipbetweenheightandintelligence,butforsomereason,corporationsoverwhelminglychoosetallpeopleforleadershiproles.Thereissomethinggoingoninthefirstfewsecondsofmeetingatallpersonwhichmakesusthinkofthatpersonasaneffectiveleader,whichunfortunatelystopsusfrommakinganinformeddecision.(當(dāng)然，有時我們會草率地得出錯誤的結(jié)論。在他的研究中，格拉德威爾發(fā)現(xiàn)，幾乎所有美國頂級公司的CEO都是高個子。身高和智力之間并沒有實際的關(guān)系，但出于某種原因，公司絕大多數(shù)都選擇高個子的人擔(dān)任領(lǐng)導(dǎo)職務(wù)。在見到一個高個子的人的最初幾秒鐘，會發(fā)生一些事情，讓我們認(rèn)為這個人是一個有效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，不幸的是，這阻止了我們做出明智的決定)”可知，作者提到高個子的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)作用是為了說明對一個人的第一印象會導(dǎo)致錯誤的判斷。故選D?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“If,likeme,you’rethekindofpersonwhofindsithardtomakedecisions,thenMalcolmGladwell’sBlinkmightjustbethebookyouhavebeenwaitingfor.(如果像我一樣，你是那種很難做決定的人，那么馬爾科姆·格拉德威爾的《眨眼》可能就是你一直在等待的書)”以及最后一段“Allinall,Blinkisafascinatingstudyonanactivitythatwealldoseveraltimesaday.Readitandmakebetterdecisions.(總之，《眨眼》是一項關(guān)于我們每天都要做幾次的活動的迷人研究。閱讀它，做出更好的決定)”可知，這篇文章的目的是推薦一本書。故選B。DAeronautics(航空學(xué))specialistsfromtheUniversityofSouthAustraliaspentmonthsstudyingthedragonfly’sflight,creating3Dmodelsfromdigitalimages,tobuildawingeddrone(無人機(jī)).StudyleaderJavaanChahlbelievesthatwingeddronesbasedonthedragonfly’sshapeandmovementwillsimplybemoreflexibleandenergyefficient.Chahl’steamusedaspecialphotographytechniquetoclassifythewingshapesof75differentdragonflyspeciesfrommuseumcollections.Theirwingsarelong,lightandhard.Plus,theirlongbodiesgivethemexcellentstabilityandbalance,makingitpossibleforwingeddronestodeliverawkwardloadsandundertakelongobservationmissions.Investigatingthewaythatdragonfliesremainstableduringflightactuallyrevealsthetechniquestheyusetogetthemselvesoutoftrickysituations.Dragonfliesarefoundtobeabletoperformupside-downbackflipstoregainbalanceandnormalflight,whentheyfindthemselvesupsidedownmid-air.Thisspecialskillcanevenbeperformedwhiledragonfliesareunconscious,meaningitisapassivestabilitymechanismsimilarinconcepttoplanesthataredesignedtoglidetosafetywiththeirenginesturnedoff.Engineersarelookingtocopydragonflywingstocreatesaferdronesthatcanrightthemselves.Ofcourse,notallattemptstobuilddragonfly-likedronesaresuccessful.TechJet’sairvehiclewassupposedtooperateasanaerialcamera,observationandsecuritydrone,butitfailedbeforeproductiongotunderway.Similarly,Insectothopter,anAmericandragonflyspydronebuiltinthe1970swasdeserted.Yettheprinciplesbehindwingeddronesaresolid.Infact,NASAhassettledonanuclear-poweredautonomouscraftcalledDragonflytoexplorethesurfaceofSaturn’smoonTitanin2034.NASA’sprojectisactuallyanairvehicle,ratherthanawingeddrone,butengineersarestillconvincedtheycancrackthecodeofnature’smostgiftedflyinginsectandrevolutionizeunmannedflightalongtheway.12.Whydidaeronauticsspecialistsspendmonthsstudyingthedragonfly’sflight?A.Tobuild3Dmodelsfromdigitalimages.B.Tomakewingeddronesmodelledafterit.C.Toclarifytheflexibilityandefficiencyofdrones.D.Todisplaytheshapeandmovementofthedragonfly.13.Thespecialskillofdragonfliesistheirabilityto_________.A.glidetosafety B.avoidtrickysituationsC.performobservationtasks D.adjustthemselvestostaystable14.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardswingeddrones?A.Skeptical. B.Uncertain. C.Supportive. D.Conservative.15.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WingedDrones:StillaLongWaytoGoB.JavaanChahl:AnInnovativeLeaderofAeronauticsC.ADragonfly’sFlyingTechnique:PerfectforDronesD.TheCodeofNature:ASolutiontoNASA’sSpaceExploration【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。南澳大利亞大學(xué)的航空專家花了幾個月的時間研究蜻蜓的飛行，從數(shù)字圖像創(chuàng)建3D模型，以建造一架有翼無人機(jī)。文章介紹了蜻蜓特殊的飛行技能以及人們對類似蜻蜓的無人機(jī)的嘗試?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Aeronautics(航空學(xué))specialistsfromtheUniversityofSouthAustraliaspentmonthsstudyingthedragonfly’sflight,creating3Dmodelsfromdigitalimages,tobuildawingeddrone(無人機(jī)).(南澳大利亞大學(xué)的航空專家花了幾個月的時間研究蜻蜓的飛行，從數(shù)字圖像創(chuàng)建3D模型，以建造一架有翼無人機(jī))”可知，航空專家花了幾個月的時間研究蜻蜓的飛行是為了仿照它制作有翼無人機(jī)。故選B?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Dragonfliesarefoundtobeabletoperformupside-downbackflipstoregainbalanceandnormalflight,whentheyfindthemselvesupsidedownmid-air.Thisspecialskillcanevenbeperformedwhiledragonfliesareunconscious,meaningitisapassivestabilitymechanismsimilarinconcepttoplanesthataredesignedtoglidetosafetywiththeirenginesturnedoff.(人們發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)蜻蜓發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在半空中倒立時，它們能夠進(jìn)行倒立后空翻以恢復(fù)平衡和正常飛行。這種特殊技能甚至可以在蜻蜓無意識的情況下進(jìn)行，這意味著它是一種被動穩(wěn)定機(jī)制，在概念上類似于飛機(jī)在關(guān)閉引擎的情況下滑翔到安全地帶)”可知，蜻蜓的特殊技能是它們調(diào)整自己以保持穩(wěn)定的能力。故選D?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Yettheprinciplesbehindwingeddronesaresolid.(然而，有翼無人機(jī)背后的原理是可靠的)”以及“NASA’sprojectisactuallyanairvehicle,ratherthanawingeddrone,butengineersarestillconvincedtheycancrackthecodeofnature’smostgiftedflyinginsectandrevolutionizeunmannedflightalongtheway.(美國宇航局的項目實際上是一種飛行器，而不是有翼無人機(jī)，但工程師們?nèi)匀幌嘈潘麄兛梢云平庾匀唤缱罹咛熨x的飛行昆蟲的密碼，并在此過程中徹底改變無人飛行)”可推知，作者對有翼無人機(jī)的態(tài)度是支持的。故選C?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Aeronautics(航空學(xué))specialistsfromtheUniversityofSouthAustraliaspentmonthsstudyingthedragonfly’sflight,creating3Dmodelsfromdigitalimages,tobuildawingeddrone(無人機(jī)).StudyleaderJavaanChahlbelievesthatwingeddronesbasedonthedragonfly’sshapeandmovementwillsimplybemoreflexibleandenergyefficient.(南澳大利亞大學(xué)的航空專家花了幾個月的時間研究蜻蜓的飛行，從數(shù)字圖像創(chuàng)建3D模型，以建造一架有翼無人機(jī)。研究負(fù)責(zé)人JavaanChahl認(rèn)為，基于蜻蜓形狀和運(yùn)動的帶翼無人機(jī)將更加靈活和節(jié)能)”結(jié)合文章介紹了蜻蜓特殊的飛行技能以及人們對類似蜻蜓的無人機(jī)的嘗試。可知，C選項“蜻蜓的飛行技術(shù)：無人機(jī)的完美選擇”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題:每小題1.5分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Aroundtheworld,peoplearerealizingthesignificantproblemscausedbyplasticwaste.Inthelast65years,wehavebecomeincreasinglydependentonplastic.It’seasytounderstandwhy:it’scheaptoproduce,light—thereforeeasyandcheaptotransport—andincrediblystronganddurable.___16___Onepopularsolutiontotheproblemistoprohibitsingleuseplastics.IntheBritishsupermarketsshoppersareencouragedtomakemoreenvironmentally-friendlychoicesinpackingandtransportingtheirfood.___17___Somegovernmentshaveevenpromisedtobantheuseofsingle-useplasticaltogetherbythenot-too-distantfuture.However,suchplansmaynotbebeneficialtoeliminate(消除)theuseofsingle-useplasticaltogether.___18___Thisisnotjustbecauseofitslowcost.It’salsobecauseinfectionandcross-contamination(交叉感染)areminimized.Plasticpackagingisalsocrucialinthefoodindustry.Itensuresthatfoodissafeforconsumers.Anotherissueisthatalternativematerialstoplasticareoftenmoreenvironmentallyharmfulthanplastic.Takepaperbags,forexample.___19___Theprocessrequirescuttingtrees,theemissionofgreenhousegasesandtheproductionofpoisonouschemicalwaste.Evenmorepollutioniscreatedwhenpaperbagsbreakdown.Clearlythereisaneedtoreduceplasticwasteanditsimpactontheenvironment.___20___Industriesthatrelyonsingle-useplasticsforpeople’shealthandsafetymustbeconsidered.Moreover,alternativematerialsmustbeevaluatedstrictlyregardingtheirownenvironmentalimpact.A.Butit’stheseadvantagesthatalsomakeitsoharmful.B.Theyareveryfragileandrarelyreusable,unlikeplastic.C.Oneofthefieldswheresingle-useplastichasavitalroleismedicine.D.However,simplybanningtheirsingleusemaynotbethebestoption.E.Italsobooststhelocaleconomyandsavecostsinmanaginglitteringandwaste.F.Bansonsingle-useplasticitemslikedrinkingstrawsarealsocomingintoplace.G.Accordingtoaresearch,theyrequirefourtimesmoreenergywhenproducedthanaplasticbag.【答案】16.A17.E18.C19.B20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了塑料的優(yōu)點以及存在的問題?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Aroundtheworld,peoplearerealizingthesignificantproblemscausedbyplasticwaste.Inthelast65years,wehavebecomeincreasinglydependentonplastic.It’seasytounderstandwhy:it’scheaptoproduce,light—thereforeeasyandcheaptotransport—andincrediblystronganddurable.(在世界各地，人們正在意識到塑料垃圾造成的嚴(yán)重問題。在過去的65年里，我們越來越依賴塑料。原因很容易理解：它的生產(chǎn)成本低，重量輕——因此運(yùn)輸容易和便宜——而且難以置信的堅固和耐用)”可知，上文提到了塑料的優(yōu)點，后文則說明了塑料帶來的問題，可知本句與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，故A選項“但也正是這些優(yōu)點讓它如此有害”符合語境，故選A?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Onepopularsolutiontotheproblemistoprohibitsingleuseplastics.IntheBritishsupermarkets,shoppersareencouragedtomakemoreenvironmentally-friendlychoicesinpackingandtransportingtheirfood.(一個流行的解決方案是禁止使用一次性塑料。在英國的超市里，消費(fèi)者被鼓勵在包裝和運(yùn)輸食品時做出更環(huán)保的選擇)”以及后文“Somegovernmentshaveevenpromisedtobantheuseofsingle-useplasticaltogetherbythenot-too-distantfuture.(一些政府甚至承諾在不久的將來全面禁止使用一次性塑料)”可知，本句承接上文說明做出環(huán)保選擇的積極影響：促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)，節(jié)省管理亂扔垃圾及廢物的成本，故E選項“這亦能促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)，節(jié)省管理亂扔垃圾及廢物的成本”符合語境，故選E?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“However,suchplansmaynotbebeneficialtoeliminate(消除)theuseofsingle-useplasticaltogether.(然而，這些計劃可能無助于完全消除一次性塑料的使用)”以及后文“Thisisnotjustbecauseofitslowcost.It’salsobecauseinfectionandcross-contamination(交叉感染)areminimized.Plasticpackagingisalsocrucialinthefoodindustry.Itensuresthatfoodissafeforconsumers.(這不僅僅是因為它的低成本。這也是因為感染和交叉污染被最小化了。塑料包裝在食品工業(yè)中也至關(guān)重要。它確保食品對消費(fèi)者是安全的)”可知，后文提到了感染和交叉污染被最小化，可見塑料在醫(yī)藥中也有重要作用，故C選項“一次性塑料發(fā)揮重要作用的領(lǐng)域之一是醫(yī)藥”符合語境，故選C?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Anotherissueisthatalternativematerialstoplasticareoftenmoreenvironmentallyharmfulthanplastic.Takepaperbags,forexample.(另一個問題是，塑料的替代材料往往比塑料對環(huán)境的危害更大。以紙袋為例)”以及后文“Theprocessrequirescuttingtrees,theemissionofgreenhousegasesandtheproductionofpoisonouschemicalwaste.Evenmorepollutioniscreatedwhenpaperbagsbreakdown.(這一過程需要砍伐樹木、排放溫室氣體和產(chǎn)生有毒化學(xué)廢物。當(dāng)紙袋損壞時，會產(chǎn)生更多的污染)”可知，本句是在說明紙袋替代塑料所存在的問題，故B選項“與塑料不同，它們非常脆弱，很少可重復(fù)使用”符合語境，故選B?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Clearlythereisaneedtoreduceplasticwasteanditsimpactontheenvironment.(顯然，有必要減少塑料垃圾及其對環(huán)境的影響)”以及后文“Industriesthatrelyonsingle-useplasticsforpeople’shealthandsafetymustbeconsidered.Moreover,alternativematerialsmustbeevaluatedstrictlyregardingtheirownenvironmentalimpact.(必須考慮到為人們的健康和安全而依賴一次性塑料的工業(yè)。此外，必須嚴(yán)格評估替代材料對環(huán)境的影響)”可知，本句與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，指出一味地禁止塑料不是最好的選擇，因為必須考慮到為人們的健康和安全而依賴一次性塑料的工業(yè)。故D選項“然而，簡單地禁止一次性使用可能不是最好的選擇”符合語境，故選D。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題:每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。OneTuesdayeveninginthebeginningofthefall1996semester,sirens(警報)sounded.Thesesirenswerenotincelebration;theywerea___21___totheuniversitythatsomethingwaswrong.Ahouse,onlyoneblockaway,wasonfire.Nineoftheuniversity’sstudentslivedthere.Fromtheminutethe___22___camethathelpwasneeded,itseemedlikeeveryone___23___.Thevictimsofthefirewereofferedendless___24___forhousingforthenight.Theverynextday,everyonegotdowntodoingtheirpartinhelpingthesestudents___25___thenextcoupleofdays.Boxesfordonationsandmoneyjarswereplacedineveryresidencehall.___26___Iknewthatcollegestudentsdidn’thavemuch,I,asaresidencedirector,askedthemtodotheirbest,“Everylittlebitwill___27___.”Ireallydidn’tthinktheycoulddomuch.However,Iwas___28___wrong.Thursdayeveningwe___29___overtheloudspeakerthatwewerebeginningthedonations.Withinminutes,theplaceseemedto___30___.SoonthesinglelargeboxthatIhadplacedinthelobbywasfull.Thenwequickly___31___moreboxes,andwatched___32___asdonationsmounted.Tearswelledupinmyeyes.Ihadwatchedthesestudents___33___toaction,work___34___anddonateallthattheycould.Iwastouchedandsovery___35___ofthem.21.A.cry B.request C.demand D.roar22.A.statement B.word C.assumption D.gossip23.A.stayedup B.blewup C.caughtup D.turnedup24.A.receptions B.intentions C.invitations D.permissions25.A.getacross B.getthrough C.getover D.getabout26.A.Eventhough B.Solongas C.Eversince D.Asfaras27.A.change B.remain C.help D.function28.A.considered B.got C.believed D.proved29.A.claimed B.negotiated C.announced D.confirmed30.A.float B.disappear C.shift D.explode31.A.purchased B.grabbed C.removed D.decorated32.A.inamazement B.inconfusion C.inchaos D.indespair33.A.appeal B.lead C.jump D.stick34.A.gratefully B.tirelessly C.painfully D.hopelessly35.A.ashamed B.envious C.scared D.proud【答案】21.A22.B23.D24.C25.B26.A27.C28.D29.C30.D31.B32.A33.C34.B35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了1996年秋季學(xué)期開始的一個星期二晚上，警報響起，一個街區(qū)外的一所房子著火了，大學(xué)有9名學(xué)生住在那里。事情發(fā)生后，大家積極幫助這些受害者以及捐款?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這些警報并不是在慶祝；他們向大學(xué)大聲疾呼出了問題。A.cry哭喊，呼喊；B.request要求；C.demand要求；D.roar咆哮。根據(jù)后文“Ahouse,onlyoneblockaway,wasonfire.(一個街